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Health Communication to Influence COVID-19 Vaccination Intent and Message Propagation (CONVINCE)

The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
 
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05244356
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : February 17, 2022
Last Update Posted : February 17, 2022
Sponsor:
Collaborators:
Institute for Health Behavioral Research, Malaysia
University of Malaya
UNICEF Malaysia
Ministry of Health, Malaysia
London School of Economics and Political Science
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Nicholas Hing Yee Liang, Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia

Study Description
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Brief Summary:
This is a randomised controlled experiment in the form of a web based survey study which randomly exposes participants to different forms of public health messages, after which participants will be assessed on their intent to take up the COVID-19 vaccine, recommend the vaccine, and also willingness to propagate the exposed message.

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
COVID-19 Respiratory Disease Vaccine Refusal Infectious Disease Coronavirus Infections Behavior, Health Pneumonia Respiratory Tract Infections Lung Diseases Pneumonia, Viral Behavioral: Health message exposure Not Applicable

Study Design
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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment : 5784 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Participant)
Primary Purpose: Other
Official Title: Effective Public Health Communication to Influence COVID-19 Vaccination Intent and Message Propagation: A Randomized Controlled Experiment
Actual Study Start Date : April 29, 2021
Actual Primary Completion Date : June 7, 2021
Actual Study Completion Date : June 7, 2021

Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine


Arms and Interventions
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Arm Intervention/treatment
Experimental: Descriptive Norm (70%)

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:

  1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects)
  2. Message content describing that about 70% of Malaysians have expressed acceptance for the COVID-19 vaccine.
  3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"
 Behavioral: Health message exposure
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.
Experimental: Descriptive Norm

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:

  1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects)
  2. Message content describing that the COVID-19 vaccine has been widely tested including with the elderly and people with existing health conditions, while subsequently highlighting that the vaccine was already received by millions worldwide.
  3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"
 Behavioral: Health message exposure
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.
Experimental: Healthcare worker (HCW) recommendation

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:

  1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects)
  2. Message content highlights recommendation from Malaysian healthcare workers to get the vaccine, since majority of them has already received it, including the Malaysian Health Director General
  3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"
 Behavioral: Health message exposure
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.
Experimental: Negative attribute framing

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:

  1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects)
  2. Message content describing the rate of side effects occurring with COVID-19 vaccination in a negative frame.
  3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"
 Behavioral: Health message exposure
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.
Experimental: Positive attribute framing

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:

  1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects)
  2. Message content describing the rate of side effects occurring with COVID-19 vaccination in a positive frame.
  3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"
 Behavioral: Health message exposure
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.
Experimental: Risky choice framing (Safety)

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:

  1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects)
  2. Message content describing a risky choice frame which compares the death rates occurring with COVID-19 vaccination versus contracting the virus itself.
  3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"
 Behavioral: Health message exposure
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.
Experimental: Risky choice framing (Side effects)

Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:

  1. Opening tag line highlighting the main concern that Malaysians have about the COVID-19 vaccine (safety and side effects)
  2. Message content describing a risky choice frame that compares the incidence rates of blood clots occurring with COVID-19 vaccination versus contracting COVID-19.
  3. Rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"
 Behavioral: Health message exposure
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.
Experimental: Control message
Control message containing only rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!"
 Behavioral: Health message exposure
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.
Experimental: Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Descriptive Norm
Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated.
 Behavioral: Health message exposure
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.
Experimental: Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + HCW recommendation
Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated.
 Behavioral: Health message exposure
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.
Experimental: Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Negative attribute framing
Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated.
 Behavioral: Health message exposure
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.
Experimental: Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Positive attribute framing
Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated.
 Behavioral: Health message exposure
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.
Experimental: Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Risky choice framing (Safety)
Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated.
 Behavioral: Health message exposure
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.
Experimental: Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Risky choice framing (Side effects)
Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated.
 Behavioral: Health message exposure
Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures.


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Change in intent to accept the COVID-19 vaccine amongst the Malaysian adult population. [ Time Frame: Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration. ]
    Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 4 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from '"Definitely no", "Not sure, but probably no", "Not sure, but probably yes"to Definitely yes".

  2. Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to healthy adults. [ Time Frame: Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration. ]
    Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".

  3. Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to elderly. [ Time Frame: Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration. ]
    Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".

  4. Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to people with existing health conditions. [ Time Frame: Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration. ]
    Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".

  5. Intent to share message on social media platform. [ Time Frame: Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration. ]
    Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale.Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Moderators of vaccination intent. [ Time Frame: Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration. ]
    Outcome measure assessed using a series of questions answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree".

  2. Reliability of various information sources about COVID-19. [ Time Frame: Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration. ]
    Outcome measure assessed using a questionnaire that list out various types of information sources and having participants to rate the reliability for each source using a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly not reliable", "Not reliable, "Not sure", "Reliable", and "Strongly reliable".


Eligibility Criteria
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.


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Ages Eligible for Study:   18 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   Yes
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the trial
  • Malaysian nationality.
  • Can understand either the English or Malay language.
  • Aged 18 years or above

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Received at least one COVID-19 vaccination dose
Contacts and Locations
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Top of Page Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information

Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT05244356


Locations
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Malaysia
Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Malaysia
Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, 40170
Sponsors and Collaborators
Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia
Institute for Health Behavioral Research, Malaysia
University of Malaya
UNICEF Malaysia
Ministry of Health, Malaysia
London School of Economics and Political Science
Investigators
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Principal Investigator: Yee Liang Hing, MSc. Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia
More Information
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Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

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Responsible Party: Nicholas Hing Yee Liang, Researcher, Principle Investigator, Pharmacist, Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05244356    
Other Study ID Numbers: NMRR-21-26-58107
First Posted: February 17, 2022    Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted: February 17, 2022
Last Verified: February 2022
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
Plan to Share IPD: No

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Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No
Keywords provided by Nicholas Hing Yee Liang, Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia:
message
messaging
propagation
 intent
vaccine
recommend
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
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Infections
Communicable Diseases
COVID-19
Pneumonia
Coronavirus Infections
Respiratory Tract Infections
Pneumonia, Viral
Lung Diseases
 Respiratory Tract Diseases
Disease Attributes
Pathologic Processes
Virus Diseases
Coronaviridae Infections
Nidovirales Infections
RNA Virus Infections