Lung Damage Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia (COVID-19) (SequelaeCov)

SARS-CoV-2 related disease started in December 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan, rapidly spread and became an international health emergency.

Pneumonia is a frequent element of COVID-19, its pathogenic mechanisms are not entirely known and some patients develop various degrees of respiratory failure and need oxygen therapy up to NIV-CPAP) and IMV.

Some pathology studies in COVID-19 pneumonia show ARDS-like lesions associated to inflammatory reaction. It is known that pulmonary inflammatory damage can lead to fibrotic sequelae or to the development of pulmonary emphysema.

The main target of the study is to use non invasive methods (pletysmography, DLCO assessment, six minute walking test and dyspnea scores) and radiological tools (chest X-ray and chest CT scan) to identify pulmonary sequelae in patients hospitalised because of respiratory failure in COVID-19 pneumonia.

Study design: multicentre observational cohort study. Patients will be divided in three arms according to maximum ventilatory/oxygen support received during hospital stay:

1. patients who received only oxygen therapy
2. patients who received non invasive ventilation (NIV-CPAP)
3. patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV)

All patients undergo a clinical evaluation at 6 months from hospital discharge (T1) and a second clinical evaluation at 12 months from hospital discharge (T2).

During (T1) patients undergo spirometry with pletysmography and DLCO assessment, six minute walking test, standard chest X-ray, arterial blood gas analysis if SaO2 < 93% in room air, dyspnea score and presence and extension of lung sounds at pulmonary auscultation.

During (T2) patients will undergo spirometry with pletysmography and DLCO assessment, six minute walking test, High Resolution CT scan (HRTC) of the thorax, arterial blood gas analysis if SaO2 < 93% in room air, dyspnea score and presence and extension of lung sounds at pulmonary auscultation).