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Immunomodulatory Effect of Macrolides in Naturally Occurring Influenza Virus Infections in the Community

The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
 
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03824847
Recruitment Status : Suspended (Community recruitment suspended due to COVID-19)
First Posted : January 31, 2019
Last Update Posted : November 4, 2022
Sponsor:
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Dr. Dennis Kai-Ming Ip, The University of Hong Kong

Study Description
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Brief Summary:
The investigators propose a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study in naturally occurring influenza virus infections in the community setting to compare the impact of a short course of clarithromycin versus placebo, on the clinical course, viral shedding, immunomodulation, and the antimicrobial resistance pattern of respiratory bacterial carriage of the patients.

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Influenza, Human Drug: Clarithromycin 250 MG Drug: Placebos Phase 4

Detailed Description:

Background: Influenza continues to pose an imminent threat to public health through seasonal epidemics and occasion pandemics with significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Increasing attention has also been paid in recent years to the potential benefit of immunomodulatory effect of macrolide antibiotics in the management of influenza virus infection.

Aims: To study the immunomodulatory effects of a short course of clarithromycin in naturally occurring influenza virus infection.

Design and subjects: The study is a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. One hundred adults aged 18-60 years will be recruited when they present with symptoms of acute respiratory infection within 48 hours of symptoms onset to university health clinics, and being tested positive with a QuickVue/Sofia (Quidel Corp., San Diego, CA) rapid influenza test. Consented patients tested positive with the rapid test will receive their clinical consultation and prescriptions as indicated as usual, and being randomised to receive either clarithromycin (250mg) or placebo (in a ratio of 1:1) taken twice daily orally for three days. Blood specimen, nasal and throat swabs will be collected on the same day (day 1). They will be followed-up on day 4, day 7 and day 10 for further collection of nasal and throat swabs, and serum samples. A symptom diary will be kept by each participant for 10 days for monitoring the clinical course of the infection.

Study instruments: QuickVue/Sofia (Quidel Corp., San Diego, CA) rapid influenza test, symptom diary, blood specimen, nasal and throat swabs.

Interventions: Intervention group: clarithromycin; placebo group: placebo in identical packaging.

Main outcome measures: The primary outcomes of the study will compare the duration of illness, viral shedding, patterns of plasma cytokine/chemokine and antimicrobial resistance pattern of respiratory bacterial carriage between patients who were randomised to clarithromycin or placebo.

Analysis: Intention to treat.

Potential significance: This will be the first placebo-controlled RCT to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of macrolide antibiotics in the management of influenza virus infection, in terms of its impact on the duration of illness, viral shedding, patterns of plasma cytokine/chemokine and antimicrobial resistance pattern of respiratory bacterial carriage. Findings from this study will have important contribution to our understanding on the potential immunomodulatory effect of macrolides, and help to inform the appropriate clinical management approach, and the potential

Study Design
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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Estimated Enrollment : 100 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Care Provider)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: Immunomodulatory Effect of Macrolides in Naturally Occurring Influenza Virus Infections in the Community
Estimated Study Start Date : June 1, 2023
Estimated Primary Completion Date : March 1, 2024
Estimated Study Completion Date : September 1, 2024

Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine


Arms and Interventions
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Arm Intervention/treatment
Active Comparator: Intervention group
Intervention group: clarithromycin 1 tablet (250mg) twice daily for three days
 Drug: Clarithromycin 250 MG
Clarithromycin 1 tablet (250mg) twice daily for three days
Placebo Comparator: Placebo group
Placebo group: (identical-looking) placebo 1 tablet twice daily for three days.
 Drug: Placebos
Placebo group: (identical-looking) placebo 1 tablet twice daily for three days


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Time from recruitment to cessation of clinical illness [ Time Frame: 10 days ]
    Defined as the time when all relevant clinical symptoms are resolved.

  2. Time from recruitment to cessation of viral shedding [ Time Frame: 10 days ]
    Defined as the time when no virus is detected by RT-PCR from both nasal and throat swabs.


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Duration and severity of individual symptoms [ Time Frame: 10 days ]
    Participants will keep symptom diary twice daily for 10 days (from D1-D10), using 4-point scale of 0, 1, 2, or 3 for absent, mild, moderate, or severe symptoms respectively. Mild symptoms are easily tolerated and do not interfere with any usual activities; moderate symptoms interfere with usual activities; Severe symptoms are such that the individual cannot carry out usual activities. Ten common influenza symptoms (including feverishness, chills, cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, general fatigue, headache, myalgia/arthralgia, vomiting, and diarrhea) will be recorded for ten days (D1-D10) and the duration of individual symptoms will be assessed.

  2. Incidence of secondary complications [ Time Frame: 28 days ]
    The symptom diary will be checked on each follow-up (D4, D7, and D10) and collected on D10 by our research staff when the patient returns for follow-up. Symptoms of possible side effects related to treatment (including skin rashes, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, dark urine) will be recorded. The occurrence of any complications including otitis media, bronchitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia will be enquired during all follow-up sessions and recorded, and cross checking with the attending doctor will be done where necessary.

  3. Health-related quality of life [ Time Frame: 28 days ]
    A simple quality of life (QOL) assessment based on two simple validated 11- point visual analog scales will also be done daily by all participants form D1 - D10, one to rate their own ability for performing normal daily activities (0 = unable to perform normal activity to 10 = fully able to perform normal activity) , and the other for a self-perceived overall health status over a 24-hour (0 = worst health to 10 = best possible health), both of which will be compared to an initial assessment of their normal pre-influenza state reported on the D1 baseline. All participants will also be required to complete the Acute Form of the Short Form-36, version 2 (SF-36), in D1, D10 and D28, for a more details assessment on the changes of Health-related quality of life (HRQL) related to the episode of the influenza infection.

  4. Geometric mean rise in antibody titre against the infecting type or subtype of influenza virus [ Time Frame: 28 days ]
    Paired sera will be collected on D1 and D28 for measuring the humoral antibody titres against the infecting type or subtype and other circulating strains of influenza viruses, and for evaluating the geometric mean titer rise from baseline to convalescence.

  5. Changes in blood immunity (Cytokine/chemokine and pro-inflammatory mediators) [ Time Frame: 7 days ]
    Plasma concentrations of 20+ cytokines/chemokines and proinflammatory mediators (e.g. IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, IFN-γ, IL-12p70 etc.) will be measured in each collected blood sample using cytokines bead assay by Flow cytometry.

  6. Change in the carriage rate of common respiratory bacterial pathogen [ Time Frame: 7 days ]
    change in the carriage rate of five common respiratory bacterial pathogen and the proportion of each that were macrolide resistant.


Eligibility Criteria
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Ages Eligible for Study:   18 Years to 60 Years   (Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   Yes
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults aged between 18-60
  • Presenting with symptoms of acute URTI (at least two among the following symptoms: body temperature ≥37.8°C, cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, headache, myalgia/arthralgia) to university health clinics within 48 hours of illness onset.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Allergy to clarithromycin or any other macrolides or the ingredients in the tablets, which include microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmelose sodium, magnesium stearate and povidon will be excluded.
  • Patients with a history of chronic liver disease, or any active lung, heart or renal diseases requiring regular medication, or any underlying immunocompromised condition or receiving immunosuppressive agents will also be excluded.
Contacts and Locations
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT03824847


Locations
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Hong Kong
School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Sponsors and Collaborators
The University of Hong Kong
Investigators
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Principal Investigator: Dennis KM Ip, MD School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
More Information
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Responsible Party: Dr. Dennis Kai-Ming Ip, Clinical Associate Professor, The University of Hong Kong
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03824847    
Other Study ID Numbers: DKMI010.1
First Posted: January 31, 2019    Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted: November 4, 2022
Last Verified: November 2022

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Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No
Keywords provided by Dr. Dennis Kai-Ming Ip, The University of Hong Kong:
Macrolides
Immunomodulation
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
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Influenza, Human
Virus Diseases
Infections
Respiratory Tract Infections
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Clarithromycin
 Anti-Bacterial Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors