Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 7 Agonist, Cyclophosphamide, and Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer With Skin Metastases
![]() |
The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details. |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01421017 |
Recruitment Status :
Completed
First Posted : August 22, 2011
Results First Posted : November 18, 2021
Last Update Posted : November 18, 2021
|
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- Study Results
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
---|---|---|
Breast Cancer Metastatic Breast Cancer Recurrent Breast Cancer | Radiation: Radiation Drug: Imiquimod Drug: Cyclophosphamide | Phase 1 Phase 2 |
By harnessing the cytocidal and immunostimulatory properties of two local treatment modalities, RT and IMQ, an effective, adaptive immune response can be generated, resulting in systemic control of metastatic breast cancer after local treatment of cutaneous metastases. Additionally, based on investigators' recent preclinical data, the investigators intend to estimate in patients with metastatic breast cancer, if the addition of immunomodulatory cyclophosphamide can increase anti-tumor responses.
This trial originally had one treatment arm IMQ/RT(patients were treated with IMQ and RT). Recent evidence has emerged that the addition of immunomodulatory cyclophosphamide (CTX) increased anti-tumor responses, therefore the IMQ/RT arm is closed and the trial will continue with two additional cohorts (CTX/IMQ/RT and CTX/RT) which include cyclophosphamide.
Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
Actual Enrollment : | 31 participants |
Allocation: | Non-Randomized |
Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
Masking: | None (Open Label) |
Primary Purpose: | Treatment |
Official Title: | Phase I/II Study of TLR7 Agonist Imiquimod, Cyclophosphamide, and Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients With Chest Wall Recurrence or Skin Metastases |
Actual Study Start Date : | August 19, 2011 |
Actual Primary Completion Date : | July 1, 2016 |
Actual Study Completion Date : | August 6, 2016 |

Arm | Intervention/treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: IMQ+RT
This arm has been closed as of 6/4/2014.
Patients may continue to receive additional cycles (same schedule, RT given to a different site), provided that patients wish to continue, are without clinically significant progression and further treatment may be beneficial in the opinion of the investigator. |
Radiation: Radiation Drug: Imiquimod Other Name: ALDARA |
Experimental: CTX/IMQ/RT
Patients may continue to receive additional cycles (same schedule, RT given to a different site), provided that patients wish to continue, are without clinically significant progression and further treatment may be beneficial in the opinion of the investigator. |
Radiation: Radiation Drug: Imiquimod Other Name: ALDARA Drug: Cyclophosphamide Other Name: Cytoxan |
Experimental: CTX/RT
For patients with only non-skin metastatic sites First cycle (Cycle 1):
Patients may continue to receive additional cycles (same schedule, RT given to a different site), provided that patients wish to continue, are without clinically significant progression and further treatment may be beneficial in the opinion of the investigator. |
Radiation: Radiation Drug: Cyclophosphamide Other Name: Cytoxan |
- Systemic Tumor Response Rates (Complete Response+Partial Response) [ Time Frame: 9 weeks from the start of the treatment of RT ]The systemic tumor response refers to the response at the time of best overall response. The response criteria are specially adapted from Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor for Immunotherapies (Wolchok, et al., 2009).
- Local Skin Tumor Response Rates (Complete Response + Partial Response) [ Time Frame: 9 weeks from the start of the treatment ]The response refers to the best overall response, based on European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer's definitions for chest wall tumors (Kouloulias, et al., 2002).

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | Female |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients with biopsy-confirmed breast cancer.
- Patients with at least measurable skin metastases and distant, measurable metastases (outside of skin) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). For patients without distant measurable metastases, an area of the skin metastases designated to not receive local therapy can be substituted. Patients with multiple (>= 2) metastatic sites (skin involvement not required), with at least one site measurable by RECIST, will be eligible for the CTX/RT cohort.
- Age >= 18 years.
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2.
- Patients must agree to tumor fine-needle aspiration required by protocol.
- Concurrent systemic cancer therapy (hormones, biologics or chemotherapy) can be continued if distant metastases are non-responsive (i.e. no complete response or partial response) on that regimen for >= 8 weeks as assessed by the investigator.
-
Patients must have adequate organ and bone marrow function as defined below:
- absolute neutrophil count >= 1,300/microliter
- hemoglobin >= 9.0 grams/deciliter
- platelets >= 75,000/microliter
- total bilirubin =< 1.5 X institutional upper limit of normal
- AST (aspartate aminotransferase) =< 2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal
- ALT (alanine aminotransferase) =< 2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal
- creatinine =< 2 X institutional upper limit of normal if patient has chronic renal insufficiency and creatinine has been stable for > 4 months)
- Informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Brain metastases unless resected or irradiated and stable >= 4 weeks.
- Concurrent treatment with other investigational agents.
- Patients who have received any local therapy (radiotherapy, high-potency corticosteroids, intralesional therapy, laser therapy or surgery) other than biopsy to the target area within 4 weeks prior to first dosing of study agent.
- Patients who have received hyperthermia to the target area within 10 weeks prior to first dosing of study agent.
- Patients with an uncontrolled bleeding disorder.
- Patients (with skin metastases only) who will be therapeutically anticoagulated with heparins or coumadin at the time of the biopsy (they are eligible if anticoagulation can be held prior to biopsy as per investigator). Patients on aspirin and other platelet agents are eligible.
- Patients with known immunodeficiency or receiving immunosuppressive therapies.
- History of allergic reactions to imiquimod or its excipients.
- Uncontrolled intercurrent medical illness or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
- Pregnancy or lactation.
- Women of childbearing potential not using a medically acceptable means of contraception.

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01421017
United States, New York | |
New York University Medical Center | |
New York, New York, United States, 10016 |
Principal Investigator: | Sylvia Adams, MD | NYU Langone Health |
Responsible Party: | NYU Langone Health |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT01421017 |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
11-00598 1R01CA161891-01 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract ) |
First Posted: | August 22, 2011 Key Record Dates |
Results First Posted: | November 18, 2021 |
Last Update Posted: | November 18, 2021 |
Last Verified: | October 2021 |
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: | Yes |
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: | No |
Product Manufactured in and Exported from the U.S.: | Yes |
radiation therapy combination therapy immunotherapy |
immune response modifier immunostimulatory immunomodulator |
Breast Neoplasms Neoplasms by Site Neoplasms Breast Diseases Skin Diseases Cyclophosphamide Imiquimod Immunosuppressive Agents Immunologic Factors |
Physiological Effects of Drugs Antirheumatic Agents Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating Alkylating Agents Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Antineoplastic Agents Myeloablative Agonists Adjuvants, Immunologic Interferon Inducers |