Breastfeeding Support Intervention in Jaundiced Infants

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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00966719

Recruitment Status : Completed

First Posted : August 27, 2009

Results First Posted : March 28, 2019

Last Update Posted : April 17, 2019

Sponsor:

Collaborator:

The Physicians' Services Incorporated Foundation

Information provided by (Responsible Party):

Catherine Pound, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario

Study Type	Interventional
Study Design	Allocation: Randomized; Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment; Masking: Single (Investigator); Primary Purpose: Other
Conditions	Jaundice Breastfeeding
Intervention	Other: Lactation Consultant support
Enrollment	99

Participant Flow

Recruitment Details
Pre-assignment Details


Arm/Group Title	Lactation Consultant	Current Treatment for Jaundice
Arm/Group Description	In hospital meeting with lactation ...	Babies will receive current standar...
Arm/Group Description	In hospital meeting with lactation consultant 1 to 3 follow up visits at weekly intervals with lactation consultant Lactation Consultant support: Meeting with lactation consultant once while in hospital and up to 3 times after discharge, in addition to current standard of care for jaundice.	Babies will receive current standard of care for jaundice (IV fluids and phototherapy)
Period Title: Overall Study
Started	50	49
Completed	44	38
Not Completed	6	11
Reason Not Completed
Lost to Follow-up	6	11

Baseline Characteristics

Arm/Group Title		Lactation Consultant	Current Treatment for Jaundice	Total
Arm/Group Description		In hospital meeting with lactation ...	Babies will receive current standar...	Total of all reporting groups
Arm/Group Description		In hospital meeting with lactation consultant 1 to 3 follow up visits at weekly intervals with lactation consultant Lactation Consultant support: Meeting with lactation consultant once while in hospital and up to 3 times after discharge, in addition to current standard of care for jaundice.	Babies will receive current standard of care for jaundice (IV fluids and phototherapy)	Total of all reporting groups
Overall Number of Baseline Participants		50	49	99
Baseline Analysis Population Description		[Not Specified]
Baseline Analysis Population Description		[Not Specified]
Age, Customized Measure Type: Number Unit of measure: Participants
15-20 years	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
15-20 years		2	0	2
21-25 years	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
21-25 years		6	9	15
26-30 years	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
26-30 years		11	13	24
31-35 years	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
31-35 years		23	18	41
36-40 years	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
36-40 years		6	7	13
>40 years	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
>40 years		2	2	4
Sex: Female, Male Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of measure: Participants
	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
	Female	50 100.0%	49 100.0%	99 100.0%
	Male	0 0.0%	0 0.0%	0 0.0%
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected ^[1] Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of measure: Participants
	Number Analyzed	0 participants	0 participants	0 participants
				0
		[1] Measure Analysis Population Description: Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
language Measure Type: Number Unit of measure: Participants
English	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
English		50	43	93
French	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
French		0	6	49
highest level of education completed Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of measure: Participants
Completed high school	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
Completed high school		4 8.0%	4 8.2%	8 8.1%
Vocational / technical training (post high school)	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
Vocational / technical training (post high school)		13 26.0%	13 26.5%	26 26.3%
Some university training	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
Some university training		5 10.0%	4 8.2%	9 9.1%
Completed university	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
Completed university		28 56.0%	28 57.1%	56 56.6%
combined household income Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of measure: Participants
Under $30,000	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
Under $30,000		4 8.0%	7 14.3%	11 11.1%
$30,000 - $69,000	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
$30,000 - $69,000		8 16.0%	9 18.4%	17 17.2%
$70,000 - $100,000	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
$70,000 - $100,000		10 20.0%	12 24.5%	22 22.2%
Above $100,000	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
Above $100,000		21 42.0%	18 36.7%	39 39.4%
Declined to answer	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
Declined to answer		6 12.0%	2 4.1%	8 8.1%
mother smokes at home Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of measure: Participants
	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
		1 2.0%	0 0.0%	1 1.0%
marital status Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of measure: Participants
	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
	marries / common-law	45 90.0%	47 95.9%	92 92.9%
	single	5 10.0%	1 2.0%	6 6.1%
	unknown	0 0.0%	1 2.0%	1 1.0%
number of prior children Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of measure: Participants
none	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
none		22 44.0%	31 63.3%	53 53.5%
1	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
1		22 44.0%	14 28.6%	36 36.4%
>1	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
>1		6 12.0%	8 16.3%	14 14.1%
number of prior breastfed children Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of measure: Participants
	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
	0	24 48.0%	31 63.3%	55 55.6%
	1	23 46.0%	15 30.6%	38 38.4%
	>1	3 6.0%	3 6.1%	6 6.1%
received breastfeeding support with prior infants Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of measure: Participants
	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
		14 28.0%	15 30.6%	29 29.3%
infant received formula prior to hospitalization Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of measure: Participants
	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
		27 54.0%	22 44.9%	49 49.5%
received medical care from: Measure Type: Number Unit of measure: Participants
obstetrician	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
obstetrician		32	29	61
family physician	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
family physician		29	21	50
midwife	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
midwife		8	15	23
no prenatal care	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
no prenatal care		3	0	3
attended prenatal classes Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of measure: Participants
	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
		17 34.0%	21 42.9%	38 38.4%
planning to return to work before child is 1 year of age Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of measure: Participants
	Number Analyzed	50 participants	49 participants	99 participants
		10 20.0%	12 24.5%	22 22.2%

Outcome Measures

1.Primary Outcome


Title	Number of Participants Exclusively Breastfeeding at 3 Months, or 3 Months Corrected if the Infant Was Born Prematurely
Description	Exclusive breastfeeding was defined as no milk intake other than breas...
Description	Exclusive breastfeeding was defined as no milk intake other than breast milk
Time Frame	3 months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

50 randomized to intervention; by 3 months 5 lost to follow up (45). By 6 months, 1 more patient lost to follow up (44), as reported in Participant Flow Module

49 randomized to control group; by 3 months 8 lost to follow up (41). By 6 months, 3 more patients lost to follow up (38), as reported in Participant Flow Module


Arm/Group Title	Lactation Consultant	Current Treatment for Jaundice
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation ...	Babies will receive current standar...
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation consultant 1 to 3 follow up visits at weekly intervals with lactation consultant Lactation Consultant support: Meeting with lactation consultant once while in hospital and up to 3 times after discharge, in addition to current standard of care for jaundice.	Babies will receive current standard of care for jaundice (IV fluids and phototherapy)
Overall Number of Participants Analyzed	45	41
Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of Measure: Participants
	22 48.9%	24 58.5%

Statistical Analysis 1

Statistical Analysis Overview	Comparison Group Selection	Lactation Consultant, Current Treatment for Jaundice
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Type of Statistical Test	Other
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Statistical Test of Hypothesis	P-Value	0.40
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Method	Fisher Exact
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Method of Estimation	Estimation Parameter	Risk Ratio (RR)
	Estimated Value	0.84
	Confidence Interval	(2-Sided) 95% 0.56 to 1.24
	Estimation Comments	[Not Specified]

2.Secondary Outcome


Title	Number of Participants Exclusively Breastfeeding at 6 Months, or 6 Months Corrected if the Infant Was Born Prematurely
Description	Exclusive breastfeeding was defined as no milk intake other than breas...
Description	Exclusive breastfeeding was defined as no milk intake other than breast milk
Time Frame	6 months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

50 randomized to intervention; by 3 months 5 lost to follow up (45). By 6 months, 1 more patient lost to follow up (44), as reported in Participant Flow Module

49 randomized to control group; by 3 months 8 lost to follow up (41). By 6 months, 3 more patients lost to follow up (38), as reported in Participant Flow Module


Arm/Group Title	Lactation Consultant	Current Treatment for Jaundice
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation ...	Babies will receive current standar...
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation consultant 1 to 3 follow up visits at weekly intervals with lactation consultant Lactation Consultant support: Meeting with lactation consultant once while in hospital and up to 3 times after discharge, in addition to current standard of care for jaundice.	Babies will receive current standard of care for jaundice (IV fluids and phototherapy)
Overall Number of Participants Analyzed	44	38
Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of Measure: Participants
	8 18.2%	6 15.8%

Statistical Analysis 1

Statistical Analysis Overview	Comparison Group Selection	Lactation Consultant, Current Treatment for Jaundice
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Type of Statistical Test	Other
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Statistical Test of Hypothesis	P-Value	1
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Method	Fisher Exact
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Method of Estimation	Estimation Parameter	Risk Ratio (RR)
	Estimated Value	1.15
	Confidence Interval	(2-Sided) 95% 0.44 to 3.02
	Estimation Comments	[Not Specified]

3.Secondary Outcome


Title	Number of Participants Partially Breastfeeding at 3 Months, or 3 Months Corrected if the Infant Was Born Prematurely
Description	Partial breastfeeding was defined as any feeding of breast milk
Description	Partial breastfeeding was defined as any feeding of breast milk
Time Frame	3 months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

[Not Specified]


Arm/Group Title	Lactation Consultant	Current Treatment for Jaundice
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation ...	Babies will receive current standar...
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation consultant 1 to 3 follow up visits at weekly intervals with lactation consultant Lactation Consultant support: Meeting with lactation consultant once while in hospital and up to 3 times after discharge, in addition to current standard of care for jaundice.	Babies will receive current standard of care for jaundice (IV fluids and phototherapy)
Overall Number of Participants Analyzed	45	41
Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of Measure: Participants
	43 95.6%	39 95.1%

Statistical Analysis 1

Statistical Analysis Overview	Comparison Group Selection	Lactation Consultant, Current Treatment for Jaundice
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Type of Statistical Test	Other
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Statistical Test of Hypothesis	P-Value	1
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Method	Fisher Exact
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Method of Estimation	Estimation Parameter	Risk Ratio (RR)
	Estimated Value	1
	Confidence Interval	(2-Sided) 95% 0.91 to 1.10
	Estimation Comments	[Not Specified]

4.Secondary Outcome


Title	Number of Participants Partially Breastfeeding at 6 Months, or 6 Months Corrected if the Infant Was Born Prematurely
Description	Partial breastfeeding was defined as any amount of feeding breast milk
Description	Partial breastfeeding was defined as any amount of feeding breast milk
Time Frame	6 months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

50 randomized to intervention; by 3 months 5 lost to follow up (45). By 6 months, 1 more patient lost to follow up (44), as reported in Participant Flow Module

49 randomized to control group; by 3 months 8 lost to follow up (41). By 6 months, 3 more patients lost to follow up (38), as reported in Participant Flow Module


Arm/Group Title	Lactation Consultant	Current Treatment for Jaundice
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation ...	Babies will receive current standar...
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation consultant 1 to 3 follow up visits at weekly intervals with lactation consultant Lactation Consultant support: Meeting with lactation consultant once while in hospital and up to 3 times after discharge, in addition to current standard of care for jaundice.	Babies will receive current standard of care for jaundice (IV fluids and phototherapy)
Overall Number of Participants Analyzed	44	38
Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of Measure: Participants
	37 84.1%	31 81.6%

Statistical Analysis 1

Statistical Analysis Overview	Comparison Group Selection	Lactation Consultant, Current Treatment for Jaundice
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Type of Statistical Test	Other
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Statistical Test of Hypothesis	P-Value	0.78
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Method	Fisher Exact
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Method of Estimation	Estimation Parameter	Risk Ratio (RR)
	Estimated Value	1.03
	Confidence Interval	(2-Sided) 95% 0.85 to 1.26
	Estimation Comments	[Not Specified]

5.Secondary Outcome


Title	Number of Participants With an Infant Re-hospitalized for Jaundice
Description	[Not Specified]
Description	[Not Specified]
Time Frame	6 months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

[Not Specified]


Arm/Group Title	Lactation Consultant	Current Treatment for Jaundice
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation ...	Babies will receive current standar...
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation consultant 1 to 3 follow up visits at weekly intervals with lactation consultant Lactation Consultant support: Meeting with lactation consultant once while in hospital and up to 3 times after discharge, in addition to current standard of care for jaundice.	Babies will receive current standard of care for jaundice (IV fluids and phototherapy)
Overall Number of Participants Analyzed	50	49
Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of Measure: Participants
	3 6.0%	1 2.0%

Statistical Analysis 1

Statistical Analysis Overview	Comparison Group Selection	Lactation Consultant, Current Treatment for Jaundice
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Type of Statistical Test	Other
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Statistical Test of Hypothesis	P-Value	0.32
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Method	Fisher Exact
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Method of Estimation	Estimation Parameter	Risk Ratio (RR)
	Estimated Value	2.94
	Confidence Interval	(2-Sided) 95% 0.32 to 27.30
	Estimation Comments	[Not Specified]

6.Secondary Outcome


Title	Number of Participants With an Infant Re-hospitalized for Non-jaundice Related Causes in the First Six Months of Life
Description	[Not Specified]
Description	[Not Specified]
Time Frame	6 months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

[Not Specified]


Arm/Group Title	Lactation Consultant	Current Treatment for Jaundice
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation ...	Babies will receive current standar...
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation consultant 1 to 3 follow up visits at weekly intervals with lactation consultant Lactation Consultant support: Meeting with lactation consultant once while in hospital and up to 3 times after discharge, in addition to current standard of care for jaundice.	Babies will receive current standard of care for jaundice (IV fluids and phototherapy)
Overall Number of Participants Analyzed	50	49
Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of Measure: Participants
	2 4.0%	3 6.1%

Statistical Analysis 1

Statistical Analysis Overview	Comparison Group Selection	Lactation Consultant, Current Treatment for Jaundice
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Type of Statistical Test	Other
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Statistical Test of Hypothesis	P-Value	0.09
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Method	Fisher Exact
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Method of Estimation	Estimation Parameter	Risk Ratio (RR)
	Estimated Value	1.50
	Confidence Interval	(2-Sided) 95% 0.95 to 2.38
	Estimation Comments	[Not Specified]

7.Secondary Outcome


Title	Number of Physician Encounters in First 6 Months of Life
Description	[Not Specified]
Description	[Not Specified]
Time Frame	6 months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

[Not Specified]


Arm/Group Title	Lactation Consultant	Current Treatment for Jaundice
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation ...	Babies will receive current standar...
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation consultant 1 to 3 follow up visits at weekly intervals with lactation consultant Lactation Consultant support: Meeting with lactation consultant once while in hospital and up to 3 times after discharge, in addition to current standard of care for jaundice.	Babies will receive current standard of care for jaundice (IV fluids and phototherapy)
Overall Number of Participants Analyzed	50	49
Mean (Inter-Quartile Range) Unit of Measure: physician encounters
	9.2 (6 to 12)	9.9 (6.3 to 12)

Statistical Analysis 1

Statistical Analysis Overview	Comparison Group Selection	Lactation Consultant, Current Treatment for Jaundice
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Type of Statistical Test	Other
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Statistical Test of Hypothesis	P-Value	0.77
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Method	Fisher Exact
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Method of Estimation	Estimation Parameter	Risk Ratio (RR)
	Estimated Value	1.03
	Confidence Interval	(2-Sided) 95% 0.83 to 1.27
	Estimation Comments	[Not Specified]

8.Secondary Outcome


Title	Number of Mothers Seeking Breastfeeding Help
Description	[Not Specified]
Description	[Not Specified]
Time Frame	6 months

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

50 randomized to intervention; by 3 months 5 lost to follow up (45). By 6 months, 1 more patient lost to follow up (44), as reported in Participant Flow Module

49 randomized to control group; by 3 months 8 lost to follow up (41). By 6 months, 3 more patients lost to follow up (38), as reported in Participant Flow Module


Arm/Group Title	Lactation Consultant	Current Treatment for Jaundice
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation ...	Babies will receive current standar...
Arm/Group Description:	In hospital meeting with lactation consultant 1 to 3 follow up visits at weekly intervals with lactation consultant Lactation Consultant support: Meeting with lactation consultant once while in hospital and up to 3 times after discharge, in addition to current standard of care for jaundice.	Babies will receive current standard of care for jaundice (IV fluids and phototherapy)
Overall Number of Participants Analyzed	44	38
Measure Type: Count of Participants Unit of Measure: Participants
	11 25.0%	7 18.4%

Statistical Analysis 1

Statistical Analysis Overview	Comparison Group Selection	Lactation Consultant, Current Treatment for Jaundice
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Type of Statistical Test	Other
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Statistical Test of Hypothesis	P-Value	0.6
	Comments	[Not Specified]
	Method	Fisher Exact
	Comments	[Not Specified]

Method of Estimation	Estimation Parameter	Risk Ratio (RR)
	Estimated Value	1.36
	Confidence Interval	(2-Sided) 95% 0.58 to 3.15
	Estimation Comments	[Not Specified]

Adverse Events

Time Frame	[Not Specified]
Adverse Event Reporting Description	[Not Specified]

Arm/Group Title	Lactation Consultant	Current Treatment for Jaundice
Arm/Group Description	In hospital meeting with lactation ...	Babies will receive current standar...
Arm/Group Description	In hospital meeting with lactation consultant 1 to 3 follow up visits at weekly intervals with lactation consultant Lactation Consultant support: Meeting with lactation consultant once while in hospital and up to 3 times after discharge, in addition to current standard of care for jaundice.	Babies will receive current standard of care for jaundice (IV fluids and phototherapy)
All-Cause Mortality
	Lactation Consultant	Current Treatment for Jaundice
	Affected / at Risk (%)	Affected / at Risk (%)
Total	--/--	--/--
Serious Adverse Events Serious Adverse Events
	Lactation Consultant	Current Treatment for Jaundice
	Affected / at Risk (%)	Affected / at Risk (%)
Total	0/50 (0.00%)	0/49 (0.00%)
Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events
Frequency Threshold for Reporting Other Adverse Events	0%
	Lactation Consultant	Current Treatment for Jaundice
	Affected / at Risk (%)	Affected / at Risk (%)
Total	0/50 (0.00%)	0/49 (0.00%)

Limitations and Caveats

Difficult recruitment Large CI around our risk ratio (0.56 to 1.24) for primary outcome women with a strong desire to breastfeed more likely to enrol (breastfeeding proportions in control much higher than in general population).

More Information

Certain Agreements

All Principal Investigators ARE employed by the organization sponsoring the study.

Results Point of Contact

Layout table for Results Point of Contact information

Name/Title:	Dr Catherine Pound
Organization:	Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
Phone:	613-737-7600
EMail:	cpound@cheo.on.ca

Publications:

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Guise JM, Palda V, Westhoff C, Chan BK, Helfand M, Lieu TA; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. The effectiveness of primary care-based interventions to promote breastfeeding: systematic evidence review and meta-analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Fam Med. 2003 Jul-Aug;1(2):70-8. Review.

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Canadian Paediatric Society, Dietitians of Canada and Health Canada. Nutrition for Healthy Term Infants. 1998. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services, 1998

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World Health Organization. Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding, The Optimal Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding. Geneva, 2001. www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA54/ea54id4.pdf

Cochi SL, Fleming DW, Hightower AW, Limpakarnjanarat K, Facklam RR, Smith JD, Sikes RK, Broome CV. Primary invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease: a population-based assessment of risk factors. J Pediatr. 1986 Jun;108(6):887-96.

Istre GR, Conner JS, Broome CV, Hightower A, Hopkins RS. Risk factors for primary invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease: increased risk from day care attendance and school-aged household members. J Pediatr. 1985 Feb;106(2):190-5.

Takala AK, Eskola J, Palmgren J, Rönnberg PR, Kela E, Rekola P, Mäkelä PH. Risk factors of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among children in Finland. J Pediatr. 1989 Nov;115(5 Pt 1):694-701.

Dewey KG, Heinig MJ, Nommsen-Rivers LA. Differences in morbidity between breast-fed and formula-fed infants. J Pediatr. 1995 May;126(5 Pt 1):696-702.

Howie PW, Forsyth JS, Ogston SA, Clark A, Florey CD. Protective effect of breast feeding against infection. BMJ. 1990 Jan 6;300(6716):11-6.

Popkin BM, Adair L, Akin JS, Black R, Briscoe J, Flieger W. Breast-feeding and diarrheal morbidity. Pediatrics. 1990 Dec;86(6):874-82.

López-Alarcón M, Villalpando S, Fajardo A. Breast-feeding lowers the frequency and duration of acute respiratory infection and diarrhea in infants under six months of age. J Nutr. 1997 Mar;127(3):436-43.

Bachrach VR, Schwarz E, Bachrach LR. Breastfeeding and the risk of hospitalization for respiratory disease in infancy: a meta-analysis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Mar;157(3):237-43.

Oddy WH, Sly PD, de Klerk NH, Landau LI, Kendall GE, Holt PG, Stanley FJ. Breast feeding and respiratory morbidity in infancy: a birth cohort study. Arch Dis Child. 2003 Mar;88(3):224-8.

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Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

Pound CM, Moreau K, Rohde K, Barrowman N, Aglipay M, Farion KJ, Plint AC. Lactation support and breastfeeding duration in jaundiced infants: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 6;10(3):e0119624. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119624. eCollection 2015.

Layout table for additonal information

Responsible Party:	Catherine Pound, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT00966719
Other Study ID Numbers:	09/23E
First Submitted:	August 26, 2009
First Posted:	August 27, 2009
Results First Submitted:	April 26, 2018
Results First Posted:	March 28, 2019
Last Update Posted:	April 17, 2019

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