Pivotal Phase 2b/3 ALVAC/Bivalent gp120/MF59 HIV Vaccine Prevention Safety and Efficacy Study in South Africa (HVTN702)

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02968849
• Recruitment Status: Completed
• First Posted: November 21, 2016
• Last Update Posted: May 19, 2022
• Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Collaborators: Sanofi; GlaxoSmithKline; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Tracking Information

• First Submitted Date: November 1, 2016
• First Posted Date: November 21, 2016
• Last Update Posted Date: May 19, 2022
• Actual Study Start Date: October 26, 2016
• Actual Primary Completion Date: November 16, 2021 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)

Current Primary Outcome Measures (submitted: August 6, 2020)

• Vaccine effect on HIV-1 acquisition [ Time Frame: Measured through 12 months after last vaccination ]
  Measured by diagnosis of HIV-1 infection
• Preventive vaccine efficacy (VE) of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 for the prevention of HIV infection [ Time Frame: 24 months after Day 0 vaccination of last participant enrolled ]
  HIV-1 infection diagnosed after enrollment (concurrent with first vaccination) through 24 months after enrollment
• Incidence of treatment-emergent reactogenicity [ Time Frame: through 3 days after vaccination ]
  Local and systemic reactogenicity signs and symptoms
• Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events [ Time Frame: through 30 days after vaccination ]
  Adverse events by body system, severity, and assessed relationship to study products
• Incidence of treatment-emergent severe adverse events [ Time Frame: 36 months ]
  Severe adverse events occuring at any time in the study
• Incidence of new chronic medical conditions [ Time Frame: 36 months ]
  At any time in the study, new onset or exacerbation of medical condition requiring 2 or more visits to a medical provider during a period of at least 30 days

Original Primary Outcome Measures (submitted: November 16, 2016)

• Preventive vaccine efficacy (VE) of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 for the prevention of HIV infection [ Time Frame: 24 months after Day 0 vaccination of last participant enrolled ]
  HIV-1 infection diagnosed after enrollment (concurrent with first vaccination) through 24 months after enrollment
• Incidence of treatment-emergent reactogenicity [ Time Frame: through 3 days after vaccination ]
  Local and systemic reactogenicity signs and symptoms
• Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events [ Time Frame: through 30 days after vaccination ]
  Adverse events by body system, severity, and assessed relationship to study products
• Incidence of treatment-emergent severe adverse events [ Time Frame: 36 months ]
  Severe adverse events occuring at any time in the study
• Incidence of new chronic medical conditions [ Time Frame: 36 months ]
  At any time in the study, new onset or exacerbation of medical condition requiring 2 or more visits to a medical provider during a period of at least 30 days

Current Secondary Outcome Measures (submitted: August 6, 2020)

• Durability of vaccine efficacy [ Time Frame: 36 months ]
  HIV-1 infection diagnosed up to 36 months after enrollment; will be measured only if vaccine efficacy at 24 months >0%
• Vaccine efficacy from Month 6.5 (Week 26) through 24 months post enrollment [ Time Frame: 24 months after Day 0 vaccination of last participant enrolled ]
  HIV-1 infection diagnosed after Month 6.5 through 24 months post enrollment for all participants
• Immunogenicity of the vaccine regimen [ Time Frame: 26 weeks ]
  Vaccine-specific antibody and T cell responses
• Immunogenicity and immune response biomarkers as correlates of risk of subsequent HIV acquisition [ Time Frame: 54 weeks ]
  Vaccine-specific antibody and T cell responses correlated with vaccine efficacy
• Vaccine efficacy by various demographic characteristics [ Time Frame: 24 months for all participants, up to 36 months if vaccine efficacy >0% at 24 months ]
  Diagnosed HIV-1 infection, by demographic characteristics
• If significant positive evidence of vaccine efficacy, if and how vaccine efficacy depends on genotypic characteristics of HIV such as signature mutations [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
  Genotypic characteristics of viral sequences from HIV-1-infected participants at HIV-1 diagnosis, such as signature site mutations
• Comparison of genomic sequences of viral isolates from HIV-1-infected vaccine and placebo recipients, and assessment by sieve analysis methods of whether there is evidence of vaccine-induced immune pressure on the viral sequences [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
  Viral sequences from HIV-1-infected participants at HIV-1 diagnosis

Original Secondary Outcome Measures (submitted: November 16, 2016)

• Durability of vaccine efficacy [ Time Frame: 36 months ]
  HIV-1 infection diagnosed up to 36 months after enrollment; will be measured only if vaccine efficacy at 24 months >0%
• Vaccine efficacy from Month 6.5 (Week 26) through 24 months post enrollment [ Time Frame: 24 months after Day 0 vaccination of last participant enrolled ]
  HIV-1 infection diagnosed after Month 6.5 through 24 months post enrollment for all participants
• Immunogenicity of the vaccine regimen [ Time Frame: 26 weeks ]
  Vaccine-specific antibody and T cell responses
• Immunogenicity and immune response biomarkers as correlates of risk of subsequent HIV acquisition [ Time Frame: 26 weeks ]
  Vaccine-specific antibody and T cell responses correlated with vaccine efficacy
• Vaccine efficacy by various demographic characteristics [ Time Frame: 24 months for all participants, up to 36 months if vaccine efficacy >0% at 24 months ]
  Diagnosed HIV-1 infection, by demographic characteristics
• If significant positive evidence of vaccine efficacy, if and how vaccine efficacy depends on genotypic characteristics of HIV such as signature mutations [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
  Genotypic characteristics of viral sequences from HIV-1-infected participants at HIV-1 diagnosis, such as signature site mutations
• Comparison of genomic sequences of viral isolates from HIV-1-infected vaccine and placebo recipients, and assessment by sieve analysis methods of whether there is evidence of vaccine-induced immune pressure on the viral sequences [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
  Viral sequences from HIV-1-infected participants at HIV-1 diagnosis

• Current Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures: Not Provided
• Original Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures: Not Provided

Descriptive Information

• Brief Title: Pivotal Phase 2b/3 ALVAC/Bivalent gp120/MF59 HIV Vaccine Prevention Safety and Efficacy Study in South Africa
• Official Title: A Pivotal Phase 2b/3 Multisite, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) and Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 in Preventing HIV-1 Infection in Adults in South Africa
• Brief Summary: This study will evaluate the preventive vaccine efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 in HIV-seronegative South African adults over 24 months and potentially up to 36 months from enrollment.

Detailed Description

This study will evaluate the preventive vaccine efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the ALVAC-HIV vaccine + Bivalent Subtype C gp120 protein adjuvanted with MF59 in HIV-seronegative South African adults over 24 months from enrollment.

Participants will be randomized to receive ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438), or placebo, by intramuscular injection at weeks 0 and 4; they will receive ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59, or placebo, by IM injection at weeks 12, 24, and 52.

In addition to the vaccination visits, participants will attend study visits at weeks 26, 39, 54, 65, 78, 91, 104, 117, 130, 142, and 156. All study visits, including vaccination visits, will include HIV risk reduction counseling, a physical exam, and an interview/questionnaire. and pregnancy testing for participants capable of becoming pregnant. Select study visits will include a medical history review, physical exam, blood collection, urine collection, HIV testing, and pregnancy testing for participants capable of becoming pregnant.

As of February 3, 2020, vaccinations for this study were suspended. Participants have been asked to continue attending follow-up visits for 12 months after the last vaccination they received. Participants who become HIV infected will be followed for 6 months after diagnosis.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Study Phase: Phase 2; Phase 3
• Study Design: Allocation: Randomized; Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment; Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor); Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Condition: HIV Infections

Intervention

• Biological: ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438)
  Expresses the gene products ZM96 gp120 (clade C strain) linked to the sequences encoding the HIV-1 transmembrane anchor (TM) sequence of gp41 (28 amino acids clade B LAI strain) and gag and pro (clade B LAI strain). It is formulated as a lyophilized vaccine for injection at a dose > 10^6 cell culture infectious dose 50% (CCIDv50) and < 1 × 10^8 CCIDv50 (nominal dose of 10^7 CCIDv50) and is reconstituted with 1 mL of sterile sodium chloride solution (NaCl 0.4%) delivered IM
• Biological: Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59
  Subtype C TV1.C gp120 Env and 1086.C gp120 Env proteins, each at a dose of 100 mcg, mixed with MF59 adjuvant (an oil-in-water emulsion) and delivered IM
• Biological: Placebo
  Sodium Chloride for injection, 0.9% delivered IM

Study Arms

• Active Comparator: ALVAC-HIV + subtype C gp120/MF59
  2700 participants will receive an IM injection of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) at months 0 and 1, and an IM injection of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 at months 3, 6, and 12.
  Interventions:

  • Biological: ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438)
  • Biological: Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59
• Placebo Comparator: Placebo
  2700 participants will receive Sodium Chloride for injection, 0.9% at months 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12.
  Intervention: Biological: Placebo

Publications *

• Hanass-Hancock J, Carpenter B, Reddy T, Nzuza A, Gaffoor Z, Goga A, Andrasik M. Participants' characteristics and motivations to screen for HIV vaccine and monoclonal antibody trials in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Trials. 2021 Dec 11;22(1):897. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05792-7.
• Gray GE, Bekker LG, Laher F, Malahleha M, Allen M, Moodie Z, Grunenberg N, Huang Y, Grove D, Prigmore B, Kee JJ, Benkeser D, Hural J, Innes C, Lazarus E, Meintjes G, Naicker N, Kalonji D, Nchabeleng M, Sebe M, Singh N, Kotze P, Kassim S, Dubula T, Naicker V, Brumskine W, Ncayiya CN, Ward AM, Garrett N, Kistnasami G, Gaffoor Z, Selepe P, Makhoba PB, Mathebula MP, Mda P, Adonis T, Mapetla KS, Modibedi B, Philip T, Kobane G, Bentley C, Ramirez S, Takuva S, Jones M, Sikhosana M, Atujuna M, Andrasik M, Hejazi NS, Puren A, Wiesner L, Phogat S, Diaz Granados C, Koutsoukos M, Van Der Meeren O, Barnett SW, Kanesa-Thasan N, Kublin JG, McElrath MJ, Gilbert PB, Janes H, Corey L; HVTN 702 Study Team. Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent Subtype C gp120-MF59 in Adults. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 25;384(12):1089-1100. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031499.

Recruitment Information

• Recruitment Status: Completed
• Actual Enrollment (submitted: August 2, 2019): 5407
• Original Estimated Enrollment (submitted: November 16, 2016): 5400
• Actual Study Completion Date: November 16, 2021
• Actual Primary Completion Date: November 16, 2021 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Age of 18 to 35 years
• Sexually active, defined as having had sexual intercourse at least twice in the past 30 days prior to screening, and is considered by the site staff to be at risk for HIV infection.
• Access to a participating HVTN CRS and willingness to be followed for the planned duration of the study
• Ability and willingness to provide informed consent
• Assessment of understanding: volunteer demonstrates understanding of this study prior to first vaccination with verbal demonstration of understanding of all questions.
• Agrees not to enroll in another study of an investigational research agent until the participant is unblinded or their study participation ends, whichever occurs last
• Good general health as shown by medical history, physical exam, and screening laboratory tests
• Willingness to receive HIV test results
• Willingness to discuss HIV infection risks and willing to receive HIV risk reduction counseling.
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 2.5 times the institutional upper limit of normal
• Negative HIV-1 and -2 blood test within 30 days prior to enrollment: Sites may use locally available assays that have been approved by HVTN Laboratory Operations.
• Volunteers who were born female: negative serum or urine beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) pregnancy test performed prior to vaccination on the day of initial vaccination. Persons who are NOT of reproductive potential due to having undergone total hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy (verified by medical records), are not required to undergo pregnancy testing.

• Reproductive status: A volunteer who was born female must:

  • Agree to consistently use effective contraception (Appendix B and Appendix C) for sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy from at least 21 days prior to enrollment through 3 months after the last vaccination. Effective contraception is defined as using 2 methods of birth control. These include 1 of the following methods:

    • Condoms (male or female)
    • Diaphragm or cervical cap

PLUS 1 of the following methods:

• Intrauterine device (IUD),
• Hormonal contraception (in accordance with applicable national contraception guidelines), or
• Successful vasectomy in the male partner (considered successful if a volunteer reports that a male partner has [1] documentation of azoospermia by microscopy, or [2] a vasectomy more than 2 years ago with no resultant pregnancy despite sexual activity postvasectomy), or

• Any other contraceptive method approved by the protocol safety review team;

  • Or not be of reproductive potential, such as having been diagnosed with premature menopause (with no menses for 1 year) or having undergone hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or tubal ligation.

    • Volunteers who were born female must also agree not to seek pregnancy through alternative methods, such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization until 3 months after the last vaccination

Exclusion Criteria

• Blood products received within 90 days before first vaccination
• Investigational research agents received within 30 days before first vaccination
• Intent to participate in another study of an investigational research agent or any other study that requires non-HVTN HIV antibody testing during the planned duration of the study
• Pregnant or breastfeeding
• HIV vaccine(s) received in a prior HIV vaccine trial. For volunteers who have received control/placebo in an HIV vaccine trial, the HVTN 702 PSRT will determine eligibility on a case-by-case basis.
• Non-HIV experimental vaccine(s) received within the last 5 years in a prior vaccine trial. Exceptions may be made for vaccines that have subsequently undergone licensure. For volunteers who have received control/placebo in an experimental vaccine trial, the protocol safety review team will determine eligibility on a case-by-case basis. For volunteers who have received an experimental vaccine(s) greater than 5 years ago, eligibility for enrollment will be determined by the protocol safety review team on a case-by-case basis.
• Live attenuated vaccines other than influenza vaccine received within 30 days before first vaccination or scheduled within 14 days after injection (eg, measles, mumps, and rubella [MMR]; oral polio vaccine [OPV]; varicella; yellow fever)
• Influenza vaccine or any vaccines that are not live attenuated vaccines and were received within 14 days prior to first vaccination (eg, tetanus, pneumococcal, Hepatitis A or B)
• Immunosuppressive medications received within 168 days before first vaccination. (Not exclusionary: [1] corticosteroid nasal spray; [2] inhaled corticosteroids; [3] topical corticosteroids for mild, uncomplicated dermatitis; or [4] a single course of oral/parenteral corticosteroids at doses < 2 mg/kg/day and length of therapy < 11 days with completion at least 30 days prior to enrollment.)
• Serious adverse reactions to vaccines or to vaccine components such as eggs, egg products, or neomycin including history of anaphylaxis and related symptoms such as hives, respiratory difficulty, angioedema, and/or abdominal pain. (Not excluded from participation: a volunteer who had a non-anaphylactic adverse reaction to pertussis vaccine as a child.)
• Immunoglobulin received within 60 days before first vaccination
• Immunodeficiency

• Clinically significant medical condition, physical examination findings, clinically significant abnormal laboratory results, or past medical history with clinically significant implications for current health. A clinically significant condition or process includes but is not limited to:

  • A process that would affect the immune response,
  • A process that would require medication that affects the immune response,
  • Any contraindication to repeated injections or blood draws,
  • A condition that requires active medical intervention or monitoring to avert grave danger to the volunteer's health or well-being during the study period,
  • A condition or process for which signs or symptoms could be confused with reactions to vaccine, or
  • Any condition specifically listed among the exclusion criteria below.
• Any medical, psychiatric, occupational, or other condition that, in the judgment of the investigator, would interfere with, or serve as a contraindication to, protocol adherence, assessment of safety or reactogenicity, or a volunteer's ability to give informed consent
• Psychiatric condition that precludes compliance with the protocol. Specifically excluded are persons with psychoses within the past 3 years, ongoing risk for suicide, or history of suicide attempt or gesture within the past 3 years.
• Active tuberculosis (TB) disease
• Uncontrolled hypertension: systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 100 mm Hg
• Bleeding disorder (diagnosed by a doctor) contraindicating IM injection and/or blood draws, based on investigator's judgment
• Malignancy (Not excluded from participation: Volunteer who has had malignancy excised surgically and who, in the investigator's estimation, has a reasonable assurance of sustained cure or who is unlikely to experience recurrence of malignancy during the period of the study)
• History of hereditary angioedema, acquired angioedema, or idiopathic angioedema

Sex/Gender

• Sexes Eligible for Study: All

• Ages: 18 Years to 35 Years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Contacts: Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects
• Listed Location Countries: South Africa

Administrative Information

• NCT Number: NCT02968849
• Other Study ID Numbers: HVTN 702
• Has Data Monitoring Committee: Yes

U.S. FDA-regulated Product

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: Yes
• Product Manufactured in and Exported from the U.S.: Yes

IPD Sharing Statement

• Plan to Share IPD: No

• Current Responsible Party: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Original Responsible Party: Same as current
• Current Study Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Original Study Sponsor: Same as current

Collaborators

• Sanofi
• GlaxoSmithKline
• Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Investigators

• Study Chair: Glenda Gray, MD; Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital

• PRS Account: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Verification Date: May 2022