Relationships Between Joint Position Sense, Plantar Sensation, Balance and Dual Task Performance in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes

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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03885869

Recruitment Status : Not yet recruiting

First Posted : March 22, 2019

Last Update Posted : March 25, 2019

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Sponsor:

Information provided by (Responsible Party):

Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University

Study Description

Brief Summary:

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which occurs when insulin is inadequate or the body's produced insulin cannot be used effectively, but according to the World Health Organization 2016 Global Report on Diabetes, it is an important public health problem that is one of the four priority non-infectious diseases. In addition to high mortality rates caused by diabetes-related complications, it is known that it can cause low quality of life and many additional problems in individuals. These complications and damage, which may be caused by diabetes, may result in reduced blood flow combined with neuropathy; As a result, foot ulcers, infections and consequently the need for amputation may increase. In addition to the additional complications caused by diabetic neuropathy, protective plantar sensory loss and decreased joint position have been reported in the literature. In particular, investigators did not find any comprehensive studies examining the relationship between these sensory changes and the dual task performance in diabetic subjects. In this study, investigators aimed to investigate the relationship between joint position sense, plantar sensation, balance and dual task performance in individuals with type 2 diabetes and to contribute to the literature with evidence-based, objective results.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Balance	Other: Ankle Joint Position Sensation Evaluation Other: Knee Joint Position Sensation Evaluation Other: The Evaluation of Plantar Sensation Other: The Evaluation of Balance Other: Evaluation of Dual Task Performance Other: General Evaluation Form

Detailed Description:

The aim of this study is to investigate that the relationships between joint position sensation, plantar sensation, balance and dual task performance in type 2 diabetic patients.

First of all, a general evaluation form including demographic information and physical characteristics of the individuals who voluntarily agree to participate in the study and approve the informed consent form, will be filled. Then, with the first findings to be obtained, determination of sample size was planned. Bilateral ankle joint position sensation with goniometer, bilateral knee joint position sensation with an analog inclinometer (BASELINE® Bubble inclinometer-USA), plantar sensation with Semmens-Wenstein monofilaments, equilibrium with Prokin Isokinetic Balance System, dual task performance will be evaluated with adding motor and cognitive secondary tasks to the Time Up and Go Test and single leg balance tests.

Study Design

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Study Type :	Observational
Estimated Enrollment :	50 participants
Observational Model:	Other
Time Perspective:	Cross-Sectional
Official Title:	Investigation of Relationships Between Joint Position Sense, Plantar Sensation, Balance and Dual Task Performance in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Estimated Study Start Date :	March 25, 2019
Estimated Primary Completion Date :	August 25, 2019
Estimated Study Completion Date :	March 25, 2020

Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine

Genetics Home Reference related topics: Type 2 diabetes

U.S. FDA Resources

Groups and Cohorts

Group/Cohort	Intervention/treatment
Type 2 Diabetics Type 2 diabetic individuals aged 30-65 years	Other: Ankle Joint Position Sensation Evaluation In this test, individuals are placed in the supine position with their eyes closed for prevent visual cues; measurements are performed with the plex of the goniometer, 1.5 cm below the lateral malleol, the fixed arm parallel to the long axis of the fibula and the movable arm parallel to the long axis of the 5th metatarsal. Desired target angles were defined as 10 ° dorsi flexion, 10 ° plantar flexion and 20 ° plantar flexion. Individuals are instructed to focus on the position of the ankle joints in space for 5 s by bringing the feet in neutral position to the target position by the researcher. This procedure is repeated 3 times and the patient is expected to learn this position. The target angle is then asked to repeat in the testing phase. The measurement is repeated 3 times for each target angle. As a result criterion; By recording the absolute value of the deviation amounts from the target angles; The averages of the deviations during the 3 repetitions are averaged. Other: Knee Joint Position Sensation Evaluation Bilateral knee joint position sensation will be evaluated in the literature with an analogue inclinometer(BASELINE®),which is a valid and reliable method for measuring joint position sensations.Measurements were planned to made in the sitting position,with the eyes of the individual closed and the joint to be evaluated bare,without any socks or shoes worn,fixing the inclinometer with a strap to the lower leg perpendicular to the knee flexion axis.In this measurement,the knees of the participants are passively shifted from the initial (90°flexion)position to the 30°flexion position,at this point 5 sec is waited and after they are told to keep this angle in mind,the starting position is returned.This procedure is repeated 3 times and the patient is expected to learn this position.After the individuals are rested for 5 s,they are asked to actively perform the target angle again.The same procedure was planned to be repeated 3 times for each angle at 45° and 60° knee flexion target angles. Other: The Evaluation of Plantar Sensation In the plantar sensory evaluation of the participants, Semmes-Wenstein Monofilament, which is frequently used in the literature and to be a reliable method in the diagnosis of neuropathy, was aimed to be tested by touching 7 regions on the foot base . In this evaluation, the individual is in the supine position, the physiotherapist is at the foot end of the patient; monofilament should be applied 90⁰ to the surface. The filament thickness which is the first feeling of the individual is recorded by being asked whether the individual is feeling. The 3 most commonly used monofilaments for patients with diabetic neuropathy are 4.17, 5.07 and 6.10 monofilaments. The highest monofilament value is the hardest and most difficult bending monofilament. Other: The Evaluation of Balance In order to evaluate the static and dynamic balances of the participants, determination of open and closed postural oscillations and stability limits were planned with Prokin branded isokinetic balance system. Other: Evaluation of Dual Task Performance In order to evaluate double task performances, it is planned to evaluate 1 dynamic and 1 static 2 different performances, including Time Up and Go Test (TUG) and single leg standing time. For each performance; the single task, the motor second task and cognitive seconder tasks separately, and again for each application to be performed in such a way that two trials, the average time was planned to record. Motor and cognitive tasks for each test are planned as described below. Motor Task (TUG): Carrying cup full of water on tray. Cognitive Task (TUG): Counting the days of the week backwards from the current day Motor Task (Single Leg Standing Time): Hand-Over ball transfer Cognitive Task (Single Leg Standing Time): Counting backward month names from the current month Other: General Evaluation Form A form, which is prepared by us, including demographic information and physical characteristics of the individuals.

Group/Cohort

Intervention/treatment

Type 2 Diabetics

Type 2 diabetic individuals aged 30-65 years

Other: Ankle Joint Position Sensation Evaluation

In this test, individuals are placed in the supine position with their eyes closed for prevent visual cues; measurements are performed with the plex of the goniometer, 1.5 cm below the lateral malleol, the fixed arm parallel to the long axis of the fibula and the movable arm parallel to the long axis of the 5th metatarsal. Desired target angles were defined as 10 ° dorsi flexion, 10 ° plantar flexion and 20 ° plantar flexion. Individuals are instructed to focus on the position of the ankle joints in space for 5 s by bringing the feet in neutral position to the target position by the researcher. This procedure is repeated 3 times and the patient is expected to learn this position. The target angle is then asked to repeat in the testing phase. The measurement is repeated 3 times for each target angle. As a result criterion; By recording the absolute value of the deviation amounts from the target angles; The averages of the deviations during the 3 repetitions are averaged.

Other: Knee Joint Position Sensation Evaluation

Bilateral knee joint position sensation will be evaluated in the literature with an analogue inclinometer(BASELINE®),which is a valid and reliable method for measuring joint position sensations.Measurements were planned to made in the sitting position,with the eyes of the individual closed and the joint to be evaluated bare,without any socks or shoes worn,fixing the inclinometer with a strap to the lower leg perpendicular to the knee flexion axis.In this measurement,the knees of the participants are passively shifted from the initial (90°flexion)position to the 30°flexion position,at this point 5 sec is waited and after they are told to keep this angle in mind,the starting position is returned.This procedure is repeated 3 times and the patient is expected to learn this position.After the individuals are rested for 5 s,they are asked to actively perform the target angle again.The same procedure was planned to be repeated 3 times for each angle at 45° and 60° knee flexion target angles.

Other: The Evaluation of Plantar Sensation

In the plantar sensory evaluation of the participants, Semmes-Wenstein Monofilament, which is frequently used in the literature and to be a reliable method in the diagnosis of neuropathy, was aimed to be tested by touching 7 regions on the foot base .

In this evaluation, the individual is in the supine position, the physiotherapist is at the foot end of the patient; monofilament should be applied 90⁰ to the surface.

The filament thickness which is the first feeling of the individual is recorded by being asked whether the individual is feeling. The 3 most commonly used monofilaments for patients with diabetic neuropathy are 4.17, 5.07 and 6.10 monofilaments. The highest monofilament value is the hardest and most difficult bending monofilament.

Other: The Evaluation of Balance

In order to evaluate the static and dynamic balances of the participants, determination of open and closed postural oscillations and stability limits were planned with Prokin branded isokinetic balance system.

Other: Evaluation of Dual Task Performance

In order to evaluate double task performances, it is planned to evaluate 1 dynamic and 1 static 2 different performances, including Time Up and Go Test (TUG) and single leg standing time. For each performance; the single task, the motor second task and cognitive seconder tasks separately, and again for each application to be performed in such a way that two trials, the average time was planned to record. Motor and cognitive tasks for each test are planned as described below.

Motor Task (TUG): Carrying cup full of water on tray. Cognitive Task (TUG): Counting the days of the week backwards from the current day Motor Task (Single Leg Standing Time): Hand-Over ball transfer Cognitive Task (Single Leg Standing Time): Counting backward month names from the current month

Other: General Evaluation Form

A form, which is prepared by us, including demographic information and physical characteristics of the individuals.

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

The Evaluation of Ankle Joint Position Sensation [ Time Frame: 1 month ]
In this test, individuals are placed in the supine position with their eyes closed for prevent visual cues; measurements are performed with the plex of the goniometer, 1.5 cm below the lateral malleol, the fixed arm parallel to the long axis of the fibula and the movable arm parallel to the long axis of the 5th metatarsal. Desired target angles were defined as 10 ° dorsi flexion, 10 ° plantar flexion and 20 ° plantar flexion. Individuals are instructed to focus on the position of the ankle joints in space for 5 s by bringing the feet in neutral position to the target position by the researcher. This procedure is repeated 3 times and the patient is expected to learn this position. The target angle is then asked to repeat in the testing phase. The measurement is repeated 3 times for each target angle. As a result criterion; By recording the absolute value of the deviation amounts from the target angles; The averages of the deviations during the 3 repetitions are averaged.
The Evaluation of Knee Joint Position Sensation [ Time Frame: 1month ]
Bilateral knee joint position sensation will be evaluated in the literature with an analogue inclinometer(BASELINE®),which is a valid and reliable method for measuring joint position sensations.Measurements were planned to made in the sitting position,with the eyes of the individual closed and the joint to be evaluated bare,without any socks or shoes worn,fixing the inclinometer with a strap to the lower leg perpendicular to the knee flexion axis.In this measurement,the knees of the participants are passively shifted from the initial(90°flexion)position to the 30°flexion position,at this point 5 sec is waited and after they are told to keep this angle in mind,the starting position is returned.This procedure is repeated 3 times and the patient is expected to learn this position.After the individuals are rested for 5 s,they are asked to actively perform the target angle again.The same procedure was planned to be repeated 3times for each angle at 45° and 60°knee flexion target angles.
The Evaluation of Plantar Sensation [ Time Frame: 1month ]
In the plantar sensory evaluation of the participants, Semmes-Wenstein Monofilament, which is frequently used in the literature and to be a reliable method in the diagnosis of neuropathy, was aimed to be tested by touching 7 regions on the foot base .

In this evaluation, the individual is in the supine position, the physiotherapist is at the foot end of the patient; monofilament should be applied 90⁰ to the surface.

The filament thickness which is the first feeling of the individual is recorded by being asked whether the individual is feeling. The 3 most commonly used monofilaments for patients with diabetic neuropathy are 4.17, 5.07 and 6.10 monofilaments. The highest monofilament value is the hardest and most difficult bending monofilament.
Evaluation of Balance Performance [ Time Frame: 1month ]
In order to evaluate the static and dynamic balances of the participants, determination of open and closed postural oscillations and stability limits were planned with Prokin branded isokinetic balance system.
The Evaluation of Dual Task Performance [ Time Frame: 1month ]
In order to evaluate double task performances, it is planned to evaluate 1 dynamic and 1 static 2 different performances, including Time Up and Go Test (TUG) and single leg standing time. For each performance; the single task, the motor second task and cognitive seconder tasks separately, and again for each application to be performed in such a way that two trials, the average time was planned to record. Motor and cognitive tasks for each test are planned as described below.

Motor Task (TUG): Carrying cup full of water on tray. Cognitive Task (TUG): Counting the days of the week backwards from the current day Motor Task (Single Leg Standing Time): Hand-Over ball transfer Cognitive Task (Single Leg Standing Time): Counting backward month names from the current month.

Eligibility Criteria

Information from the National Library of Medicine

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Ages Eligible for Study:	30 Years to 65 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:	All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:	No
Sampling Method:	Probability Sample

Study Population

Type 2 diabetic individuals between the ages of 30-65

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

to accept to participate in the study voluntarily,
to being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes,
to being 30-65 age range.

Exclusion Criteria:

refuse to participate in the study,
Not cooperating,
Being orthopedic, neurological and any other systemic disease,
Being pregnant,
Loss of vision,
Loss of hearing,
To be a standing diabetic ulcer,
A Mini Mental Test score of 23 or less.

Contacts and Locations

Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT03885869

Contacts

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Contact: Nazire Nur Yıldız, PT	+905444184376	nnur_yildiz_58@hotmail.com
Contact: Ertuğrul Demirdel, Asst. Prof.	+905378223551	ertudemirdel@yahoo.com

Locations

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Turkey
Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
Ankara, Turkey

Sponsors and Collaborators

Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University

Investigators

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Principal Investigator:	Nazire Nur Yıldız, PT	AYBU Institute of Health Sciences Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Master Program/Master Degree Student

More Information

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Responsible Party:	Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT03885869
Other Study ID Numbers:	2019-83
First Posted:	March 22, 2019 Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted:	March 25, 2019
Last Verified:	March 2019
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
Plan to Share IPD:	No

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Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product:	No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product:	No

Keywords provided by Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University:


Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Joint Position Sense Plantar Sensation Balance Dual Task Performance

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

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Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Glucose Metabolism Disorders Metabolic Diseases Endocrine System Diseases

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