HOPE in Action Trial of HIV+ Deceased Donor Liver Transplants for HIV+ Recipients
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The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Know the risks and potential benefits of clinical studies and talk to your health care provider before participating. Read our disclaimer for details. |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03734393 |
Recruitment Status :
Recruiting
First Posted : November 8, 2018
Last Update Posted : May 5, 2022
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Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
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Hiv | Other: HIVD+/R+ | Not Applicable |
Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
Estimated Enrollment : | 80 participants |
Allocation: | Randomized |
Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
Masking: | None (Open Label) |
Primary Purpose: | Treatment |
Official Title: | HOPE in Action Prospective Multicenter, Clinical Trial of HIV+ Deceased Donor Liver Transplants for HIV+ Recipients |
Actual Study Start Date : | January 4, 2019 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date : | June 30, 2024 |
Estimated Study Completion Date : | June 30, 2024 |

Arm | Intervention/treatment |
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Experimental: HIV D+/R+
HIV-infected individuals that accept an organ from an HIV-infected deceased donor - enrollment 40
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Other: HIVD+/R+
Liver from an HIV-infected deceased donor |
No Intervention: HIVD-/R+
HIV-infected individuals that accept an organ from an HIV-uninfected deceased donor and are randomized to participate in the full study arm, which includes research sample collection -enrollment 40
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No Intervention: HIVD-/R+ (observational)
HIV-infected individuals that accept an organ from an HIV-uninfected deceased donor and randomized to observational group with limited data collection - enrollment 120
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- Time to first death or graft failure or serious adverse event (SAE) or HIV breakthrough or opportunistic infection as a composite measure [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through administrative censorship at study completion, up to 4 years ]Time (in days) to first of any of the following events: death or graft failure or SAE or HIV breakthrough or opportunistic infection
- Time to Pre-transplant mortality [ Time Frame: From date of enrollment to date of transplant or death of any cause, whichever comes first, assessed up to 4 years ]Time (in days) to mortality while enrolled before transplant (survival framework)
- Graft Failure as assessed by Time to first occurrence of mortality or re-transplant or return to maintenance dialysis [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through administrative censorship at study completion, up to 4 years ]Time (in days) to mortality or re-transplant or return to maintenance dialysis (survival framework)
- 1-year acute liver rejection [ Time Frame: From date of transplant to end of year 1 ]Proportion of recipients who experience acute rejection as measured by biopsy using Banff 2016 comprehensive Update for antibody mediated rejection and Banff 1997 criteria for acute cellular rejection, liver.
- 2-year acute liver rejection [ Time Frame: From date of transplant to end of year 2 ]Proportion of recipients who experience acute rejection as measured by biopsy using Banff 2016 comprehensive Update for antibody mediated rejection and Banff 1997 criteria for acute cellular rejection, liver.
- 3-year acute liver rejection [ Time Frame: From date of transplant to end of year 3 ]Proportion of recipients who experience acute rejection as measured by biopsy using Banff 2016 comprehensive Update for antibody mediated rejection and Banff 1997 criteria for acute cellular rejection, liver.
- Number of graft rejections in liver transplant [ Time Frame: From date of transplant to end of year 3 ]Cumulative incidence of acute rejection (survival framework) as measured by biopsy using Banff 2016 comprehensive Update for antibody mediated rejection and Banff 1997 criteria for acute cellular rejection, liver.
- 6-month acute kidney rejection in simultaneous liver/kidney transplant recipients [ Time Frame: From date of transplant to 6 months post transplant ]Proportion of recipients who experience acute rejection as measured by biopsy using Banff 2015 criteria: Borderline changes: 'Suspicious' for acute T-cell mediated rejection.This category is used when no intimal arteritis is present, but there are foci of mild tubulitis (t1, t2, or t3) with minor interstitial infiltration (i0 or i1) or interstitial infiltration (i2, i3) with mild (t1) tubulitis. Acute T-cell mediated rejection:Grade from IA defined as cases with significant interstitial infiltration (>25% of parenchyma affected, i2 or i3) and foci of moderate tubulitis (t2) to III defined as cases with 'transmural' arteritis and/or arterial fibrinoid change and necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells with accompanying lymphocytic inflammation (v3)
- 1-year acute kidney rejection in simultaneous liver/kidney transplant recipients only [ Time Frame: From date of transplant to end of year 1 ]Proportion of recipients who experience acute rejection as measured by biopsy using Banff 2015 criteria: Borderline changes: 'Suspicious' for acute T-cell mediated rejection.This category is used when no intimal arteritis is present, but there are foci of mild tubulitis (t1, t2, or t3) with minor interstitial infiltration (i0 or i1) or interstitial infiltration (i2, i3) with mild (t1) tubulitis. Acute T-cell mediated rejection:Grade from IA defined as cases with significant interstitial infiltration (>25% of parenchyma affected, i2 or i3) and foci of moderate tubulitis (t2) to III defined as cases with 'transmural' arteritis and/or arterial fibrinoid change and necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells with accompanying lymphocytic inflammation (v3)
- Number of Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through end of follow-up, up to 3 years ]Cumulative incidence of NAFL as measured by biopsy and transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter for steatosis
- Number of steatohepatitis (NASH) [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through end of follow-up, up to 3 years ]Cumulative incidence of NASH as measured by biopsy and transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter for steatosis
- Trajectory of recipient Cluster of Differentiation (CD4) count over time [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through end of follow up, up to 4 years ]Analysis of repeated measures of CD4 (cells/mm3) count (longitudinal model)
- Trajectory of recipient plasma HIV RNA over time [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through end of follow-up, up to 4 years ]Analysis of repeated measures of plasma HIV RNA (copies/mL) longitudinal model
- Graft function as assessed by Fibrosis-4 index [ Time Frame: 1 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated fibrosis-4 index (Age (years) + AST/platelet count (109/L) x √ALT) Fibrosis 4 index estimates the amount of scar or fibrosis in the liver without requiring a biopsy. Using a lower cutoff value of 1.45, a Fibrosis-4 score <1.45 had a negative predictive value of 90% for advanced fibrosis. In contrast, a Fibrosis-4 >3.25 would have a 97% specificity and a positive predictive value of 65% for advanced fibrosis. In the patient cohort in which this formula was first validated, at least 70% patients had values <1.45 or >3.25.
- Graft function as assessed by Fibrosis-4 index [ Time Frame: 2 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated fibrosis-4 index (Age (years) + AST/platelet count (109/L) x √ALT) Fibrosis 4 index estimates the amount of scar or fibrosis in the liver without requiring a biopsy. Using a lower cutoff value of 1.45, a Fibrosis-4 score <1.45 had a negative predictive value of 90% for advanced fibrosis. In contrast, a Fibrosis-4 >3.25 would have a 97% specificity and a positive predictive value of 65% for advanced fibrosis. In the patient cohort in which this formula was first validated, at least 70% patients had values <1.45 or >3.25.
- Graft function as assessed by Fibrosis-4 index [ Time Frame: 3 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated fibrosis-4 index (Age (years) + AST/platelet count (109/L) x √ALT) Fibrosis 4 index estimates the amount of scar or fibrosis in the liver without requiring a biopsy. Using a lower cutoff value of 1.45, a Fibrosis-4 score <1.45 had a negative predictive value of 90% for advanced fibrosis. In contrast, a Fibrosis-4 >3.25 would have a 97% specificity and a positive predictive value of 65% for advanced fibrosis. In the patient cohort in which this formula was first validated, at least 70% patients had values <1.45 or >3.25.
- Graft function as assessed by Fibrosis-4 index [ Time Frame: 4 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated fibrosis-4 index (Age (years) + AST/platelet count (109/L) x √ALT) Fibrosis 4 index estimates the amount of scar or fibrosis in the liver without requiring a biopsy. Using a lower cutoff value of 1.45, a Fibrosis-4 score <1.45 had a negative predictive value of 90% for advanced fibrosis. In contrast, a Fibrosis-4 >3.25 would have a 97% specificity and a positive predictive value of 65% for advanced fibrosis. In the patient cohort in which this formula was first validated, at least 70% patients had values <1.45 or >3.25.
- Graft function as assessed by incidence of fibrosis [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through end of follow-up, up to 3 years ]Cumulative incidence of advanced fibrosis (stage F3 or greater as defined by metavir fibrosis score) as measured on biopsy. The fibrosis score is assessed on a five point scale (F0 = no fibrosis, F1 = portal fibrosis without septa, F2 = few septa, F3 = numerous septa without cirrhosis, F4 = cirrhosis).
- Graft function as assessed by liver stiffness [ Time Frame: 1 year post-transplant ]Mean calculated liver stiffness by transient elastography (kPA)
- Graft function as assessed by liver stiffness [ Time Frame: 2 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated liver stiffness by transient elastography (kPA)
- Graft function as assessed by liver stiffness [ Time Frame: 3 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated liver stiffness by transient elastography (kPA)
- Average graft function as assessed by aspartate aminotransferase (AST) [ Time Frame: 1 year post-transplant ]Mean calculated AST (U/L)
- Average graft function as assessed by AST [ Time Frame: 2 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated AST (U/L)
- Average graft function as assessed by AST [ Time Frame: 3 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated AST (U/L)
- Average graft function as assessed by AST [ Time Frame: 4 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated AST (U/L)
- Average graft function as assessed by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [ Time Frame: 1 year post-transplant ]Mean calculated ALT (U/L)
- Average graft function as assessed by ALT [ Time Frame: 2 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated ALT (U/L)
- Average Graft function as assessed by ALT [ Time Frame: 3 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated ALT (U/L)
- Average graft function as assessed by ALT [ Time Frame: 4 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated ALT (U/L)
- Average graft function as assessed by bilirubin [ Time Frame: 1 year post-transplant ]Mean calculated bilirubin (mg/dL)
- Average graft function as assessed by bilirubin [ Time Frame: 2 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated bilirubin (mg/dL)
- Average graft function as assessed by bilirubin [ Time Frame: 3 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated bilirubin (mg/dL)
- Average graft function as assessed by Bilirubin [ Time Frame: 4 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated bilirubin (mg/dL)
- Graft function as assessed by Mean calculated Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score [ Time Frame: 1 year post-transplant ]Mean calculated MELD score. MELD score indicates the severity of liver disease, with scores ranging from 0-40. The higher the score the more severe the disease
- Graft function as assessed by Mean calculated MELD score [ Time Frame: 2 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated MELD score. MELD score indicates the severity of liver disease, with scores ranging from 0-40. The higher the score the more severe the disease
- Graft function as assessed by Mean calculated MELD score [ Time Frame: 3 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated MELD score. MELD score indicates the severity of liver disease, with scores ranging from 0-40. The higher the score the more severe the disease
- Graft function as assessed by Mean calculated MELD score [ Time Frame: 4 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated MELD score. MELD score indicates the severity of liver disease, with scores ranging from 0-40. The higher the score the more severe the disease
- Graft function as assessed by AST to Platelet Ratio (APRI) index [ Time Frame: 1 year post-transplant ]Mean calculated APRI index [( AST / upper limits of normal (ULN) AST ) x 100] / Platelets (109/L)] An APRI score greater than 1.0 has a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 72% for predicting cirrhosis. In addition, APRI score greater than 0.7 has a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 72% for predicting significant hepatic fibrosis.For detection of cirrhosis, using an APRI cutoff score of 2.0 is more specific (91%) but less sensitive (46%). The lower the APRI score (less than 0.5), the greater the negative predictive value (and ability to rule out cirrhosis) and the higher the value (greater than 1.5) the greater the positive predictive value (and ability to rule in cirrhosis); midrange values are less helpful.
- Graft function as assessed by AST to Platelet Ratio (APRI) index [ Time Frame: 2 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated APRI index [( AST / ULN AST ) x 100] / Platelets (109/L)] An APRI score greater than 1.0 has a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 72% for predicting cirrhosis. In addition, APRI score greater than 0.7 has a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 72% for predicting significant hepatic fibrosis.For detection of cirrhosis, using an APRI cutoff score of 2.0 is more specific (91%) but less sensitive (46%). The lower the APRI score (less than 0.5), the greater the negative predictive value (and ability to rule out cirrhosis) and the higher the value (greater than 1.5) the greater the positive predictive value (and ability to rule in cirrhosis); midrange values are less helpful.
- Graft function as assessed by AST to Platelet Ratio (APRI) index [ Time Frame: 3 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated APRI index [( AST / ULN AST ) x 100] / Platelets (109/L)] An APRI score greater than 1.0 has a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 72% for predicting cirrhosis. In addition, APRI score greater than 0.7 has a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 72% for predicting significant hepatic fibrosis.For detection of cirrhosis, using an APRI cutoff score of 2.0 is more specific (91%) but less sensitive (46%). The lower the APRI score (less than 0.5), the greater the negative predictive value (and ability to rule out cirrhosis) and the higher the value (greater than 1.5) the greater the positive predictive value (and ability to rule in cirrhosis); midrange values are less helpful.
- Graft function as assessed by AST to Platelet Ratio (APRI) index [ Time Frame: 4 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated APRI index [( AST / ULN AST ) x 100] / Platelets (109/L)] An APRI score greater than 1.0 has a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 72% for predicting cirrhosis. In addition, APRI score greater than 0.7 has a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 72% for predicting significant hepatic fibrosis.For detection of cirrhosis, using an APRI cutoff score of 2.0 is more specific (91%) but less sensitive (46%). The lower the APRI score (less than 0.5), the greater the negative predictive value (and ability to rule out cirrhosis) and the higher the value (greater than 1.5) the greater the positive predictive value (and ability to rule in cirrhosis); midrange values are less helpful.
- Metabolic Outcome as assessed by Body mass index (BMI) [ Time Frame: 1 year post-transplant ]Mean calculated BMI (weight in kilograms/height in meters squared)
- Metabolic Outcome as assessed by Body mass index (BMI) [ Time Frame: 2 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated BMI(weight in kilograms/height in meters squared)
- Metabolic Outcome as assessed by Body mass index (BMI) [ Time Frame: 3 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated BMI(weight in kilograms/height in meters squared)
- Metabolic Outcome as assessed by Body mass index (BMI) [ Time Frame: 4 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated BMI(weight in kilograms/height in meters squared)
- Average hemoglobin a1c among participants at 1 year [ Time Frame: 1 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated hemoglobin a1c (mg/dL)
- Average hemoglobin a1c among participants at 2 years [ Time Frame: 2 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated hemoglobin a1c (mg/dL)
- Average hemoglobin a1c among participants at 3 years [ Time Frame: 3 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated hemoglobin a1c (mg/dL)
- Average hemoglobin a1c among participants at 4 years [ Time Frame: 4 years post-transplant ]Mean calculated hemoglobin a1c (mg/dL)
- Number of HIV breakthroughs [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through end of follow-up, up to 4 years ]Measured by local sites' Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified lab with episode of HIV breakthrough defined as 2 consecutive plasma HIV viral loads >200 copies/mL or one HIV viral load >1000 copies/mL after a period of virologic control post-transplant
- Number of opportunistic infections [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through end of follow-up, up to 4 years ]Cumulative incidence of opportunistic infections
- Number of X4 tropic virus breakthroughs [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through end of follow-up, up to 4 years ]Measured by sending virus at time of breakthrough for HIV co-receptor assay
- Number of vascular complications [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through year 1 ]Number of vascular complications within 1 year of transplant, e.g. thrombosis, aneurysm
- Number of surgical complications [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through year 1 ]Number of surgical complications within 1 year of transplant, e.g. delayed closure, wound dehiscence
- Number of viral-related malignancies [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through end of follow-up, up to 4 years ]Number of malignancies as determined by local pathology
- Hepatitis C (HCV) sustained viral response post-transplant [ Time Frame: 12 weeks HCV treatment ]Proportion of HCV RNA positive recipients that achieve a sustained virologic response week 12 post-treatment (<15 IU/mL) with direct acting antivirals
- Number of the formation of de novo donor-specific human leukocyte antigen(HLA) antibodies [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through end of year 1 ]Proportion of participants with a de novo donor-specific HLA antibody as measured and reported by local sites' lab
- Time to first occurrence of all-cause-mortality or graft failure or renal allograft rejection or HIV breakthrough or HIV virologic failure or AIDS defining illness as a composite measure [ Time Frame: From date of transplant through end of follow-up, up to 4 years ]Time to first of any of these events: all-cause-mortality or graft failure or renal allograft rejection or HIV breakthrough or HIV virologic failure or AIDS defining illness

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Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Participant meets the standard criteria for liver transplant at the local center.
- Participants being listed for a simultaneous liver kidney (SLK) are eligible if participants meet the standard criteria for both organs.
- Participant is able to understand and provide informed consent.
- Participant meets with an independent advocate per the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act Safeguards and Research Criteria.
- Documented HIV infection (by any licensed assay or documented history of detectable HIV-1 RNA).*
- Participant is ≥ 18 years old.
- Opportunistic complications: prior history of certain opportunistic infections is not an exclusion if the participant has received appropriate therapy and has no evidence of active disease. Medical record documentation should be provided whenever possible.
- CD4+ T-cell count: ≥ 100/µL within 16 weeks prior to transplant if no history of AIDS-defining infection; or ≥ 200 μL if history of opportunistic infection is present.
- HIV-1 RNA is below 50 RNA/mL.* Viral blips between 50-400 copies will be allowed as long as there are not consecutive measurements > 200 copies/mL. *Organ recipients who are unable to tolerate anti-retroviral therapy (ART) due to organ.
failure or recently started ART may be eligible despite a detectable viral load if safe and effective ART to be used by the recipient after transplantation is described.
- Participant must have or be willing to start seeing a primary medical care provider with expertise in HIV management.
- Participant is willing to comply with all medications related to participant's transplant and HIV management.
- For participants with a history of aspergillus colonization or disease, no current clinical evidence of active disease.
- Agreement to use contraception.
- Participant is not suffering from significant wasting (e.g. body mass index < 21) thought to be related to HIV disease.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Participant has a history of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), or primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma.*
- Participant is pregnant or breastfeeding. (Note: Participants who become pregnant post-transplant will continue to be followed in the study and will be managed per local site practice. Women that become pregnant should not breastfeed.)
- Past or current medical problems or findings from medical history, physical examination or laboratory testing that are not listed above, which, in the opinion of the investigator, may pose additional risks from participation in the study, may interfere with the participant's ability to comply with study requirements or that may impact the quality or interpretation of the data obtained from the study.

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT03734393
Contact: Christine Durand, MD | 410-955-5684 | cdurand2@jhmi.edu | |
Contact: Dorry Segev, MD, PhD | 410-502-6115 | dorry.segev@nyulangone.org |

Principal Investigator: | Christine Durand, MD | Johns Hopkins University |
Responsible Party: | Johns Hopkins University |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT03734393 |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
IRB00194582 U01AI138897 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract ) |
First Posted: | November 8, 2018 Key Record Dates |
Last Update Posted: | May 5, 2022 |
Last Verified: | May 2022 |
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: | No |
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: | No |
Death Pathologic Processes |