A Study of Subcutaneous Daratumumab Versus Active Monitoring in Participants With High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
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The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details. |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03301220 |
Recruitment Status :
Active, not recruiting
First Posted : October 4, 2017
Last Update Posted : March 15, 2023
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Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
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Smoldering Multiple Myeloma | Drug: Daratumumab SC: daratumumab + rHuPH20 | Phase 3 |
Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
Actual Enrollment : | 390 participants |
Allocation: | Randomized |
Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
Masking: | None (Open Label) |
Primary Purpose: | Treatment |
Official Title: | A Phase 3 Randomized, Multicenter Study of Subcutaneous Daratumumab Versus Active Monitoring in Subjects With High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma |
Actual Study Start Date : | November 7, 2017 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date : | August 15, 2023 |
Estimated Study Completion Date : | December 22, 2025 |

Arm | Intervention/treatment |
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No Intervention: Arm A: Active Monitoring
Participants randomized to active monitoring will receive no study medication, but will undergo the same disease evaluations at the same frequency as participants randomized to daratumumab.
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Experimental: Arm B: Daratumumab SC
Participants will receive 1800 milligram (mg) of daratumumab co-formulated with 2000 units per milliliter (U/mL) of recombinant human hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) by subcutaneous (SC) injection until 39 cycles or up to 36 months or until confirmed disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or withdrawal from the study treatment, study termination or study completion.
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Drug: Daratumumab SC: daratumumab + rHuPH20
Participants will receive daratumumab SC injection (daratumumab 1800 mg + rHuPH20 [2000 U/mL]) once weekly for Cycles 1 and 2 (Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each week), every 2 weeks for Cycle 3 to Cycle 6 (Days 1 and 15), and thereafter every 4 weeks (Day 1) until 39 cycles or up to 36 months or until confirmed disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or withdrawal from the study treatment, study termination or study completion. Each cycle is 28 days in duration.
Other Name: JNJ-54767414 |
- Progression-free Survival (PFS) [ Time Frame: From the date of randomization to active multiple myeloma (MM) or the date of death, whichever occurs first (up to approximately 8 years) ]PFS is time from randomization to active MM according to International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria or death. Per IMWG criteria, active MM (SLiM-CRAB) is defined as: greater than or equal to (>=)60 percent (%) bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs), free light chain (FLC) involved/uninvolved ratio >=100, greater than (>)1 focal bone lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), calcium elevation, renal insufficiency by creatinine clearance, anemia, or bone disease due to lytic bone lesions.
- Time to Biochemical or Diagnostic (SLiM-CRAB) Progression [ Time Frame: Up to biochemical or diagnostic progression (up to approximately 8 years) ]Time to biochemical or diagnostic progression is defined as the earlier of time to biochemical progression or diagnostic (SLiM-CRAB) progression. SLiM-CRAB is defined as >=60% bone marrow plasma cells, free light chain involved/uninvolved ratio >=100, >1 focal bone lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), calcium elevation, renal insufficiency by creatinine clearance, anemia, or bone disease due to lytic bone lesions.
- Overall Response Rate (ORR) [ Time Frame: Up to approximately 8 years ]ORR is defined as percentage of participants with partial response (PR) or better (very good partial response [VGPR], complete response [CR], and stringent complete response [sCR]) as defined by IMWG criteria. PR: >=50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24 hour urinary M-protein by >=90% or to less than (<)200 mg/24 hours; if serum and urine M-protein are not measurable, >=50% decrease in difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain (FLC) levels; if serum and urine M-protein and serum free light assay is not measurable, a >=50% reduction in BMPC, with baseline BMPC percentage >=30%. VGPR: serum and urine M-component detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis or >=90% reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein <100 mg/24 hours. CR: negative immunofixation on serum and urine, and <5% PCs in bone marrow. sCR: CR plus normal FLC ratio, and absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2- to 4- color flow cytometry.
- Complete Response (CR) Rate [ Time Frame: Up to approximately 8 years ]CR rate was defined as the percentage of participants with a CR (or better [sCR]) as defined by the IMWG response criteria. IMWG criteria for CR: negative immunofixation on serum and urine, and <5% PCs in bone marrow. IMWG criteria for sCR: CR as defined above, plus normal FLC ratio, and absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2- to 4-color flow cytometry.
- Time to First-Line Treatment for Multiple Myeloma (MM) [ Time Frame: Post-progressive disease (PD) follow-up, every 6 months until end of study (up to approximately 8 years) ]Time to first-line treatment for MM was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of the first-line treatment given for MM (post disease progression).
- Progression-Free Survival on First-Line Treatment for MM (PFS2) [ Time Frame: Post-PD follow-up, every 6 months until end of study (up to approximately 8 years) ]PFS2 is time from date of randomization to date of documented PD on first line treatment given for MM or death, whichever comes first. IMWG criteria for PD: >=25% from lowest response level in serum M-component (the absolute increase must be >=0.5 gram per deciliter [g/dL]) and/or in urine M-component (the absolute increase must be >=200 mg/24 hour); only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: increase of >=25% in the difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain levels and the absolute increase must be >10 mg/dL. BMPC%: the absolute % must be >=10%; definite increase in size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium >11.5 mg/dL or 2.65 millimoles per liter [mmol/L]) that can be attributed solely to PC proliferative disorder.
- Overall Survival (OS) [ Time Frame: Throughout study, and at least every 3 months until PD; post-PD, every 6 months until end of study (up to approximately 8 years) ]OS was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of the participant's death.
- Percentage of Participants who Progress to MM With Adverse Prognostic Features [ Time Frame: At screening and PD (up to approximately 8 years) ]Adverse prognostic features includes International Staging System Stage III (based on beta2 [β2]-microglobulin >=5.5 milligram per liter [mg/L] [median survival 29 months]) and adverse cytogenetic characteristics.
- Serum Daratumumab Pharmacokinetic (PK) Concentration [ Time Frame: Cycles 1 and 3: Day 1 predose, and Day 4 postdose; Cycles 5, 7, 12, and 24: Day 1 predose; end of the treatment (EOT: 28 days after the last daratumumab dose); and 8 weeks after the last daratumumab dose (up to approximately 3 years and 8 weeks) ]PK concentration of Daratumumab will be measured.
- Maximum Observed Concentration (Cmax) of Daratumumab [ Time Frame: Cycles 1 and 3: Day 1 predose, and Day 4 postdose; Cycles 5, 7, 12, and 24: Day 1 predose; end of the treatment (EOT: 28 days after the last daratumumab dose); and 8 weeks after the last daratumumab dose (up to approximately 3 years and 8 weeks) ]The Cmax is the maximum observed plasma concentration of Daratumumab.
- Minimum Observed Concentration (Cmin) of Daratumumab [ Time Frame: Cycles 1 and 3: Day 1 predose, and Day 4 postdose; Cycles 5, 7, 12, and 24: Day 1 predose; end of the treatment (EOT: 28 days after the last daratumumab dose); and 8 weeks after the last daratumumab dose (up to approximately 3 years and 8 weeks) ]The Cmin is the minimum observed plasma concentration of Daratumumab.
- Number of Participants With Anti-daratumumab Antibodies [ Time Frame: Cycles 1,3,5,7,12, and 24: Predose on Day 1; end of treatment (28 days after the last daratumumab dose), and 8 weeks after the last daratumumab dose (up to approximately 3 years and 8 weeks) ]Participant's serum samples will be collected and screened for antibodies binding to daratumumab using validated immunoassay methods for evaluation of potential immunogenicity.
- Number of Participants With Anti-Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) Antibodies [ Time Frame: Cycles 1,3,5,7,12, and 24: Predose on Day 1; end of treatment (28 days after the last daratumumab dose), and 8 weeks after the last daratumumab dose (up to approximately 3 years and 8 weeks) ]Participant's plasma samples will be collected and screened for antibodies binding to rHuPH20 and will be assessed in confirmatory and titer assays as necessary for the rHuPH20 immunogenicity assessment.
- Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) Score [ Time Frame: Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, and 60, every year until end of treatment (EOT)/active monitoring, pre-PD follow-up (every year until end of study or PD), PD, and Months 3, 6, 12, and 18 post-PD (up to approximately 8 years) ]EORTC QLQ-C30 is a questionnaire to assess quality of life of cancer participants. It is composed of 30 items, multiitem measure (28 items) and 2 single-item measures. For the multiple item measure, 4 point scale is used and the score for each item range from "1 = not at all" to "4 = very much". Higher scores indicate worsening. The 2 single-item measure involves question about the overall health and overall quality of life which will be rated on a 7 point scale ranging from "1 = very poor" to "7 = excellent". Lower scores indicate worsening. Scores are averaged, and transformed to 0-100 scale; higher score=better level of physical functioning
- Change From Baseline in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire for Patients With Multiple Myeloma (EORTC QLQ-MY20) Future Perspective Scale [ Time Frame: Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, and 60, every year until end of treatment (EOT)/active monitoring, pre-PD follow-up (every year until end of study or PD), PD, and Months 3, 6, 12, and 18 post-PD (up to approximately 8 years) ]EORTC QLQ-MY20 is a validated questionnaire to assess the overall quality of life in participants with multiple myeloma. EORTC QLQ-MY20 includes two scales: disease symptoms (6 questions) and future perspective (3 questions). Questions used a 4-point scale (from 1 'Not at All' to 4 'Very Much'). Scores were averaged, and transformed to a 0-100 scale; for the future perspective scale, a higher score indicates a better perspective of the future; and higher score for the disease symptoms scale indicates higher level of symptomatology.
- Change From Baseline in European Quality (EuroQoL) 5-Dimension 5-Level Health Status (EQ-5D-5L) Questionnaire [ Time Frame: Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, and 60, every year until end of treatment (EOT)/active monitoring, pre-PD follow-up (every year until end of study or PD), PD, and Months 3, 6, 12, and 18 post-PD (up to approximately 8 years) ]The EQ-5D questionnaire is a brief, generic health-related quality of life assessment (HRQOL) that can also be used to incorporate participant preferences into health economic evaluations. The EQ-5D-5L descriptive system comprises the following 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression and as overall health using a "thermometer" visual analog scale with response options ranging from 0 (worst imaginable health) to 100 (best imaginable health).
- Duration of Response [ Time Frame: From the date of initial documentation of a response to the date of first documented evidence of PD (up to approximately 8 years) ]Duration of response is defined as date of onset of first response (PR or better [VGPR, CR, sCR]) until date of disease progression or death. PR: >=50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24 hour urinary M-protein by >=90% or to <200 mg/24 hours; if the serum and urine M-protein are not measurable, >=50% decrease in difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain (FLC) levels; if serum and urine M-protein and serum free light assay is not measurable, a >=50% reduction in bone marrow PC, with baseline bone marrow PC percentage >=30%. VGPR: serum and urine M-component detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis or >=90% reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein <100 mg/24 hours. CR: negative immunofixation on serum and urine, and <5% PCs in bone marrow. sCR: CR plus normal FLC ratio, and absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2- to 4-color flow cytometry.
- Time to Response [ Time Frame: Up to End of Treatment (up to approximately 39 cycles [each cycle of 28 days] or 36 months, whichever occurs first) ]Time to response is defined as the time from randomization until onset of first response (PR or better [VGPR, CR, sCR]). PR: >=50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24 hour urinary M-protein by >=90% or to <200 mg/24 hours; if the serum and urine M-protein are not measurable, >=50% decrease in difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain (FLC) levels; if serum and urine M-protein and serum free light assay is not measurable, a >=50% reduction in bone marrow PC, with baseline bone marrow PC percentage >=30%. VGPR: serum and urine M-component detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis or >=90% reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein <100 mg/24 hours. CR: negative immunofixation on serum and urine, and <5% PCs in bone marrow. sCR: CR plus normal FLC ratio, and absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2- to 4-color flow cytometry.

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Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Diagnosis of high risk smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) (per International Myeloma Working Group [IMWG] criteria) for less than or equal to (<=) 5 years with measurable disease at the time of randomization, defined as serum M protein greater than or equal to (>=) 10 gram per liter (g/L) or urine M protein >= 200 milligram per 24 hours (mg/24 hours) or involved serum free light chain (FLC) >=100 milligram per liter (mg/L) and abnormal serum FLC ratio
- Clonal bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs) >= 10 percentage (%); and at least 1 of the following risk factors; Serum M protein >= 30 g/L, immunoglobulin (Ig)A SMM, immunoparesis with reduction of 2 uninvolved immunoglobulin isotypes (only IgA, IgM, and IgG should be considered in determination for immunoparesis; IgD and IgE are not considered in this assessment), serum involved: uninvolved FLC ratio >= 8 and less than (<) 100, or clonal BMPCs greater than (>) 50% to <60% with measurable disease
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 0 or 1
- Women of childbearing potential must commit to either abstain continuously from heterosexual sexual intercourse or to use highly effective method of contraception
- A woman of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test at screening within 14 days prior to randomization
- During the study and for 3 months after receiving the last dose of daratumumab, a woman must agree not to donate eggs (ova, oocytes) for the purposes of assisted reproduction
Exclusion Criteria:
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Multiple myeloma (MM), requiring treatment, defined by any of the following:
- Bone lesions (1 or more osteolytic lesions on low-dose whole body computed tomography [LDCT], positron-emission tomography with computed tomography [PET-CT] or CT). Participants who have benign/post-traumatic bone lesions visible on screening images as well as previous imaging, may be considered for inclusion. Details (diagnosis, location, duration) on benign/post-traumatic pre-existing bone lesions that can be seen on the screening images (example [eg.], old fractures) and were also present on previous imaging are to be reported in the case report form (CRF)
- Hypercalcemia (serum calcium greater than [>]0.25 millimoles per liter [mmol/L] [>1 milligram per deciliter {mg/dL}] higher than upper limit of normal [ULN] or >2.75 mmol/L [>11 mg/dL]). Participants who have clinically stable hypercalcemia attributable to a disease other than multiple myeloma (eg, hyperparathyroidism) may be considered for inclusion after a case by case review by the medical monitor
- Renal insufficiency, preferably determined by creatinine clearance less than (<)40 milliliter per minute (mL/min) measured or estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), or serum creatinine >177 micromole per liter (μmol/L). Participants who have clinically stable renal insufficiency attributable to a disease other than multiple myeloma (eg, glomerulonephritis) may be considered for inclusion after a case by case review by the medical monitor
- Anemia, defined as hemoglobin <10 gram per deciliter (g/dL) or >2 g/dL below lower limit of normal or both; transfusion support or concurrent treatment with erythropoietin stimulating agents is not permitted. Participants who have clinically stable anemia attributable to a disease other than multiple myeloma (eg, thalassemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, iron deficiency) may be considered for inclusion after a case by case review by the medical monitor
- Clonal BMPC percentage >=60%
- Serum FLC ratio (involved:uninvolved) >=100 (the involved FLC must be >=100 mg/L)
- More than 1 focal lesion >=5 millimeter (mm) in diameter by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Primary systemic amyloid light-chain (AL) (immunoglobulin light chain) amyloidosis
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Exposure to any of the following:
- Prior exposure to daratumumab or prior exposure to other anti-Cluster of Differentiation 38 (anti-CD38) therapies
- Prior exposure to approved or investigational treatments for SMM or MM (including but not limited to conventional chemotherapies, immunomodulatory agent [IMiDs], or proteasome inhibitor [PIs]). Stable standard dosing of bisphosphonate and denosumab as indicated for osteoporosis is acceptable
- Exposure to investigational drug (including investigational vaccines) or invasive investigational medical device for any indication within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives, whichever is longer, before Cycle 1, Day 1
- Ongoing treatment with corticosteroids with a dose >10 milligram (mg) prednisone or equivalent per day at the time of randomization; or >280 mg cumulative prednisone dose or equivalent for any 4-week period in the year prior to randomization
- Ongoing treatment with other monoclonal antibodies (eg, infliximab, rituximab), immunomodulators (eg, abatacept, methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine) or other treatments that are likely to interfere with the study procedures or results
- Received treatment (chemotherapy, surgery, et cetera [etc]) for a malignancy (other than SMM) within 3 years before the date of randomization (exceptions are squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the skin, carcinoma in situ of the cervix or breast, or other non-invasive lesion), which is considered cured with minimal risk of recurrence within 3 years
- Medical or psychiatric condition or disease (for example, active systemic disease [including presence of auto-antibodies], uncontrolled diabetes) that is likely to interfere with the study procedures or results, or that in the opinion of the investigator, would constitute a hazard for participating in this study
- Known allergies, hypersensitivity, or intolerance to corticosteroids, monoclonal antibodies, hyaluronidase, or other human proteins, or their excipients, or known sensitivity to mammalian-derived products (including dairy allergy)

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT03301220

Study Director: | Janssen Research & Development, LLC Clinical Trial | Janssen Research & Development, LLC |
Responsible Party: | Janssen Research & Development, LLC |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT03301220 |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
CR108172 54767414SMM3001 ( Other Identifier: Janssen Research & Development, LLC ) 2016-001205-16 ( EudraCT Number ) |
First Posted: | October 4, 2017 Key Record Dates |
Last Update Posted: | March 15, 2023 |
Last Verified: | March 2023 |
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: | Yes |
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: | No |
Multiple Myeloma Neoplasms, Plasma Cell Smoldering Multiple Myeloma Neoplasms by Histologic Type Neoplasms Hemostatic Disorders Vascular Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Paraproteinemias Blood Protein Disorders |
Hematologic Diseases Hemorrhagic Disorders Lymphoproliferative Disorders Immunoproliferative Disorders Immune System Diseases Precancerous Conditions Hypergammaglobulinemia Daratumumab Antineoplastic Agents |