Comparison of a Rivaroxaban-based Strategy With an Antiplatelet-based Strategy Following Successful TAVR for the Prevention of Leaflet Thickening and Reduced Leaflet Motion as Evaluated by Four-dimensional, Volume-rendered Computed Tomography (4DCT) (GALILEO-4D)
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| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02833948 |
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Recruitment Status :
Completed
First Posted : July 14, 2016
Results First Posted : January 18, 2020
Last Update Posted : January 18, 2020
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The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. Patients with symptomatic, severe aortic valve stenosis conventionally have it surgically replaced requiring direct access to the heart through the chest. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is now a well-established alternative for treating severe aortic valve stenosis. Both types of intervention improve prognosis and alleviate symptoms.
The optimal choice of blood thinning therapy after TAVR is unknown. It has been reported that leaflet thrombosis with reduced leaflet motion can occur and this phenomenon has been suggested to be potentially related with neurological events. In addition, the occurence of this phenomenon can be reduced with anticoagulation blood thinning therapy.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate if anticoagulation compared to the usual double platelet inhibitor therapy after TAVR can reduce the risk of leaflet thrombosis.
| Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| Aortic Valve Stenosis Cardiovascular Diseases Heart Valve Diseases Ventricular Outflow Obstruction Thrombosis | Drug: Acetylsalicylic acid Drug: Clopidogrel Drug: Rivaroxaban | Phase 3 |
BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become an established therapeutic option for patients with symptomatic, severe aortic valve stenosis, who are ineligible or at high risk for conventional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). It was recently reported that leaflet thickening and reduced leaflet motion, verified by four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT), was not uncommon after both TAVR and SAVR. It has been emphasized that this phenomenon should be further investigated for its effect on clinical outcomes (e.g. stroke) and valve durability. As this valve leaflet thickening and reduced motion could be reversed by oral anticoagulant (OAC) treatment and was not observed in patients on chronic OAC therapy, it has been hypothesized that this phenomenon could be related to possible leaflet thrombosis or a "thrombotic film" on the leaflets.
AIM: To evaluate whether a rivaroxaban-based strategy, following successful TAVR, compared to an antiplatelet-based strategy, is superior in reducing subclinical valve leaflet thickening and motion abnormalities - as detected by 4DCT-scan.
POPULATION: All patients undergoing successful TAVR by ileofemoral or subclavian access with an approved TAVR device will be screened for eligibility. Included subjects must provide written informed consent. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are listed below.
DESIGN: The GALILEO-4D trial will be conducted as a substudy of the multicenter, open-label, randomized, event-driven, active-controlled GALILEO trial. Patients will be 1:1 randomized to an antiplatelet-based strategy vs. rivaroxaban-based strategy - the randomization will adopt the same 1:1 randomization of the main GALILEO trial. In case the GALILEO-4D trial should still be continued after completion of the main GALILEO trial, this 1:1 randomization will be continued until inclusion of 150 patients in both treatment groups. In total, 300 patients will be randomized in the GALILEO-4D trial.
INTERVENTION: Subjects in the GALILEO-4D substudy will receive the same intervention as in the main GALILEO study. In addition, a 4DCT-scan and echocardiography will be performed at 90 days after randomization.
END POINTS: The primary endpoint constitutes the rate of patients with at least one prosthetic leaflet with > 50% motion reduction as assessed by cardiac 4DCT-scan (total N = 300). The secondary endpoints are listed below.
| Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
| Actual Enrollment : | 231 participants |
| Allocation: | Randomized |
| Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
| Masking: | Single (Outcomes Assessor) |
| Primary Purpose: | Diagnostic |
| Official Title: | Randomized Comparison of a Rivaroxaban-based Strategy With an Antiplatelet-based Strategy Following Successful TAVR for the Prevention of Leaflet Thickening and Reduced Leaflet Motion as Evaluated by Four-dimensional, Volume-rendered Computed Tomography (4DCT) - Substudy of the GALILEO-trial |
| Study Start Date : | May 2016 |
| Actual Primary Completion Date : | December 2018 |
| Actual Study Completion Date : | March 6, 2019 |
| Arm | Intervention/treatment |
|---|---|
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Active Comparator: ASA + Clopidogrel
ASA (Acetylsalicylic acid) 75-100mg + Clopidogrel 75mg for 90 days, followed by ASA 75-100mg monotherapy
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Drug: Acetylsalicylic acid
Drug: Acetylsalicylic acid: 75 - 100 mg OD (for first 90 days only in arm 1) Other Name: Asprin Drug: Clopidogrel Drug: Clopidogrel 75 mg OD for first 90 days
Other Name: Plavix |
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Experimental: Rivaroxaban + ASA
Rivaroxaban 10mg + ASA 75-100mg for 90 days, followed by rivaroxaban 10mg monotherapy
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Drug: Acetylsalicylic acid
Drug: Acetylsalicylic acid: 75 - 100 mg OD (for first 90 days only in arm 1) Other Name: Asprin Drug: Rivaroxaban Drug: Rivaroxaban (Xarelto): 10 mg OD (once-daily) Other Name: Xarelto |
- Rate of Patients With at Least One Prosthetic Leaflet With >50% Motion Reduction as Assessed by Cardiac 4DCT-scan [ Time Frame: 3 months ]Reduced systolic leaflet excursion is classified as: (I) normal, (II) mildly reduced (<50%), (III) moderate to severely reduced (>50%), and (IV) immobile. Reduced systolic leaflet excursion is considered significant when it is > 50% or immobile. Quantitative assessment of leaflet motion is performed with a blood pool inversion volume rendered cine reconstruction throughout the cardiac cycle evaluating the bioprosthetic leaflets.
- The Rate of Prosthetic Leaflets With > 50% Motion Reduction as Assessed by Cardiac 4DCT-scan [ Time Frame: 3 months ]The rate of prosthetic leaflets with RLM> grade 3 as assessed by cardiac 4DCT
- The Rate of Patients With at Least One Prosthetic Leaflet With Thickening as Assessed by Cardiac 4DCT-scan [ Time Frame: 3 months ]The rate of patients with at least one prosthetic leaflet with hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT) as assessed by cardiac 4DCT.
- The Rate of Prosthetic Leaflets With Thickening as Assessed by Cardiac 4DCT-scan [ Time Frame: 3 months ]The rate of prosthetic leaflet with HALT as assessed by cardiac 4DCT-scan
- Aortic Transvalvular Mean Pressure Gradient (mmHg) as Determined by Transthoracic Echocardiography. [ Time Frame: 3 months ]
Transprosthetic mean pressure gradiënt as determined by transthoracic echocardiography at three months after randomization.
scale [0-100]
- Effective Orifice Area (cm^2) as Determined by Transthoracic Echocardiography. [ Time Frame: 3 months ]
Effective orifice area (cm2) as determined by transthoracic echocardiography at three months after randomization.
scale [0.1-4.0]
- Death Assessed in the Main GALILEO Study and Analyzed in the GALILEO-4D Substudy With Regards to Occurence of the Leaflet Abnormalities (HALT) - as Exploratory Analysis. [ Time Frame: 3 months ]Death, Dichotomization by HALT
- Death Assessed in the Main GALILEO Study and Analyzed in the GALILEO-4D Substudy With Regards to Occurence of the Leaflet Abnormalities (RLM)- as Exploratory Analysis. [ Time Frame: 3 months ]Death, Dichotomization by RLM
- Thromboembolic Event Assessed in the Main GALILEO Study and Analyzed in the GALILEO-4D Substudy With Regards to Occurence of the Leaflet Abnormalities (HALT)- as Exploratory Analysis. [ Time Frame: 3 months ]Thromboembolic event, Dichotomization by HALT
- Thromboembolic Event Assessed in the Main GALILEO Study and Analyzed in the GALILEO-4D Substudy With Regards to Occurence of the Leaflet Abnormalities (RLM) - as Exploratory Analysis. [ Time Frame: 3 months ]Thromboembolic event, Dichotomization by RLM
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| Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) |
| Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Successful TAVR of a native aortic valve stenosis
- By iliofemoral or subclavian access
- With any approved/marketed TAVR device
- Written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Atrial fibrillation (AF), current or previous, with an ongoing indication for oral anticoagulant treatment
- Any other indication for continued treatment with any oral anticoagulant
- Known bleeding diathesis (such as but not limited to platelet count ≤ 50,000/mm3 at screening, hemoglobin level < 8.5 g/dL or < 5.3 mmol/l, history of intracranial hemorrhage, or subdural hematoma)
- Any indication for dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for more than three months after randomization (such as coronary, carotid, or peripheral stent implantation)
- Clinically overt stroke within the last three months
- Planned coronary or vascular intervention or major surgery
- Severe renal insufficiency (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) or on dialysis, or post-TAVR unresolved acute kidney injury with renal dysfunction ≥ stage 2
- Moderate and severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B or C) or any hepatic disease associated with coagulopathy
- Iodine contrast allergy or other condition that prohibits CT imaging
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT02833948
Show 25 study locations
| Principal Investigator: | Lars Søndergaard, MD;DMSc | Rigshospitalet, Denmark |
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
| Responsible Party: | ECRI bv |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT02833948 |
| Other Study ID Numbers: |
ECRI 006 - H-15016807 |
| First Posted: | July 14, 2016 Key Record Dates |
| Results First Posted: | January 18, 2020 |
| Last Update Posted: | January 18, 2020 |
| Last Verified: | January 2020 |
| Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement: | |
| Plan to Share IPD: | No |
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Heart Valve Disease Randomized Controlled Trial Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement TAVR Valve Thrombosis |
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Aortic Valve Stenosis Heart Valve Diseases Aortic Valve Disease Heart Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Thrombosis Ventricular Outflow Obstruction Embolism and Thrombosis Vascular Diseases Aspirin Rivaroxaban Clopidogrel Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists |
Purinergic Antagonists Purinergic Agents Neurotransmitter Agents Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Physiological Effects of Drugs Factor Xa Inhibitors Antithrombins Serine Proteinase Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors Anticoagulants Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal Analgesics, Non-Narcotic Analgesics Sensory System Agents |