RIvaroxaban for Valvular Heart diseasE and atRial Fibrillation Trial -RIVER Trial
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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02303795 |
Recruitment Status :
Completed
First Posted : December 1, 2014
Last Update Posted : April 12, 2022
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Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
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Valvular Heart Disease | Drug: Rivaroxaban Drug: Warfarin | Phase 2 |
Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
Actual Enrollment : | 1005 participants |
Allocation: | Randomized |
Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
Masking: | None (Open Label) |
Primary Purpose: | Treatment |
Official Title: | A Phase 2, Randomized, Open Label, Non-Inferiority Clinical Trial to Explore the Safety and Efficacy of Rivaroxaban Compared With Vitamin K Antagonism in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation With Bioprosthetic Mitral Valves - RIVER |
Actual Study Start Date : | August 2015 |
Actual Primary Completion Date : | August 2020 |
Actual Study Completion Date : | August 2020 |

Arm | Intervention/treatment |
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Active Comparator: Rivaroxaban 20mg
Oral Rivaroxaban, 20 mg od. Patients with a calculated creatinine clearance of 30 to 49 mL/min per 1.73 m2 received a reduced dose of rivaroxaban of 15 mg od.
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Drug: Rivaroxaban
Patients assigned to rivaroxaban will receive oral rivaroxaban, 20 mg od. Patients with a calculated creatinine clearance of 30 to 49 mL/min per 1.73 m2 received a reduced dose of rivaroxaban of 15 mg od. Drug: Warfarin Patients will take the warfarin once daily (q.d.). The individual doses will be titrated as needed to maintain a target INR of 2.0-3.0. Patients with 65 > years old, should take warfarin (2,5mg/day) and all others patients should take 5mg/day. |
Active Comparator: Warfarin
Warfarin Warfarin once daily (q.d.). The individual doses will be titrated as needed to maintain a target INR of 2.0-3.0.
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Drug: Rivaroxaban
Patients assigned to rivaroxaban will receive oral rivaroxaban, 20 mg od. Patients with a calculated creatinine clearance of 30 to 49 mL/min per 1.73 m2 received a reduced dose of rivaroxaban of 15 mg od. Drug: Warfarin Patients will take the warfarin once daily (q.d.). The individual doses will be titrated as needed to maintain a target INR of 2.0-3.0. Patients with 65 > years old, should take warfarin (2,5mg/day) and all others patients should take 5mg/day. |
- Major Clinical Events [ Time Frame: 12 months ]Combined Endpoint of major clinical events as defined by strokes (CVA), transient ischemic attack (TIA), major bleeding, all-cause death, valve thrombosis and non-CNS systemic embolism, hospitalization due to cardiac failure.
- Major bleeding [ Time Frame: 12 months ]Clinically overt bleeding associated with: fatal outcome, involving a critical site, or clinically overt bleeding associated with a fall in hemoglobin concentration of ≥2 g/dL, or leading to transfusion of ≥2 units of packed red blood cells or whole blood.
- Combined endpoint of nonfatal stroke (CVA), transient ischemic attack (TIA), systemic embolism, valve thrombosis, venous thromboembolism and vascular causes death.thrombosis, and vascular death [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Stroke: sudden, focal neurologic deficit from a presumed cerebrovascular cause, not reversible within 24 hours and not due to na identifiable cause.
Non-CNS systemic embolism: abrupt vascular insufficiency associated with clinical or radiologic evidence of arterial occlusion.
Valve thrombosis: any thrombus attached to or near an implanted valve that occludes part of the blood flow, interferes with function or warrant treatment.
Mortality: Deaths any cause. Venous thromboembolism: verification by definitive diagnostic evaluation. Deep Vein Thrombosis: abnormal compression ultrasound or intraluminal filling defect on venography or autopsy.
Pulmonary embolism: at least one: 1) intraluminal filling defect on CT scan; 2) intraluminal filling defect on pulmonary angiogram; 3) high- probability on v/p lung scan; 4)inconclusive spiral CT, pulmonary image with demonstration of DVT in the lower extremities; 5) autopsy

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Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male and female patients aged >18 years at time of inclusion
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Patients with Persistent or paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation or flutter with bioprosthetic mitral valves.
- The patient must be able to give informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
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Cardiovascular-related conditions as known presence of cardiac thrombus or tumor
- Active endocarditis
- Uncontrolled hypertension
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Hemorrhage risk-related criteria
- Active internal bleeding
- History of, or condition associated with, increased bleeding risk
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Concomitant conditions and therapies
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History of previous thromboembolism with high risk of bleeding:
- Severe, disabling stroke (modified Rankin score of 4-5, inclusive) within 3 months
- Acute thromboembolic events or thrombosis (venous/arterial) within the last 14 days prior to randomization
- Acute MI within the last 14 days prior to randomization
- Treatment with: Chronic aspirin therapy > 100 mg daily or dual antiplatelet therapy; Intravenous antiplatelets; Fibrinolytics; Anticipated need for long-term treatment with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; Systemic treatment with a strong inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A4, such as ketoconazole or protease inhibitors; Treatment with a strong inducer of cytochrome P450 3A4, such as rifampicin, phenytoin, phenobarbital, or carbamazepine.
- Anemia
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding or women of reproductive age not using effective contraceptive methods
- Calculated creatinine clearance bellow 30 mL/min
- Known significant liver disease or alanine aminotransferase N3× the upper limit of normal
- Previous participation in this study.
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To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT02303795
Brazil | |
Associação do Sanatório Sírio - Hospital do Coração HCor | |
São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 04004050 |
Study Chair: | Otavio Berwanger, MD, PhD | Hospital do Coracao | |
Study Chair: | Ricardo Pavanello, MD, PhD | Hospital do Coracao | |
Principal Investigator: | Helio P Guimarães, MD, PhD | Hospital do Coracao |
Responsible Party: | Hospital do Coracao |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT02303795 |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
RIVER01 |
First Posted: | December 1, 2014 Key Record Dates |
Last Update Posted: | April 12, 2022 |
Last Verified: | April 2022 |
bioprosthetic mitral valve valvular heart disease anticoagulant agents |
NOACs rivaroxaban warfarin |
Atrial Fibrillation Heart Diseases Heart Valve Diseases Arrhythmias, Cardiac Cardiovascular Diseases Pathologic Processes Warfarin Rivaroxaban |
Anticoagulants Factor Xa Inhibitors Antithrombins Serine Proteinase Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action |