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Melphalan and Dexamethasone With or Without Bortezomib in Treating Patients With Previously Untreated Systemic Light-Chain Amyloidosis

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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01078454
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : March 2, 2010
Results First Posted : November 26, 2014
Last Update Posted : November 26, 2014
Sponsor:
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Study Description
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Brief Summary:
This randomized phase III trial is studying melphalan and dexamethasone to see how well they work with or without bortezomib in treating patients with previously untreated systemic amyloidosis. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as melphalan and dexamethasone, work in different ways to stop the growth of plasma cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Bortezomib may stop the growth of plasma cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. It is not yet known whether giving melphalan together with dexamethasone is more effective with or without bortezomib in treating systemic amyloidosis.

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Light Chain Deposition Disease Primary Systemic Amyloidosis Drug: melphalan Drug: dexamethasone Drug: bortezomib Phase 3

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Study Design
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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment : 11 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: A Randomized Phase III Trial of Melphalan and Dexamethasone (MDex) Versus Bortezomib, Melphalan and Dexamethasone (BMDex) for Untreated Patients With Systemic Light-Chain (AL) Amyloidosis Ineligible for Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation
Study Start Date : November 2010
Actual Primary Completion Date : February 2014
Actual Study Completion Date : February 2014

Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus related topics: Amyloidosis

Arms and Interventions
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Arm Intervention/treatment
Experimental: ARM A (Mel-Dex)
Patients receive melphalan 0.22 mg/kg orally (PO) and dexamethasone 40 mg PO on days 1-4 every 4 weeks. Treatment repeats every 4 weeks for up to 9 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
 Drug: melphalan
Given PO
Other Names:
  • L-PAM
  • L-phenylalanine mustard
  • L-sarcolysin
  • Alkeran
  • NSC #8806

Drug: dexamethasone
Given PO
Other Names:
  • Decadron
  • Hexadrol
  • Dexameth
  • Dexone
  • DXM
Experimental: ARM B (B-Mel-Dex)
Patients receive melphalan 0.22 mg/kg PO and dexamethasone 40 mg PO on days 1-4 and bortezomib 1.3 mg/m^2 intravenously (IV) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 every 4 weeks. Treatment repeats every 4 weeks for 2 cycles. Patients then receive melphalan PO and dexamethasone PO on days 1-4 and bortezomib IV on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 every 5 weeks. Treatment repeats every 5 weeks for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
 Drug: melphalan
Given PO
Other Names:
  • L-PAM
  • L-phenylalanine mustard
  • L-sarcolysin
  • Alkeran
  • NSC #8806

Drug: dexamethasone
Given PO
Other Names:
  • Decadron
  • Hexadrol
  • Dexameth
  • Dexone
  • DXM

Drug: bortezomib
Given IV
Other Names:
  • Velcade®
  • PS-341
  • MLN-341
  • LDP-341


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Proportion of Patients With Hematologic Overall Response (Partial Response [PR]+ Very Good PR [VGPR]+ Amyloid Complete Response [ACR]+ Stringent Complete Response [sCR]) After 3 Months (3 Cycles) of Therapy [ Time Frame: Assessed at 3 months ]
    sCR: ACR and no clonal cells in bone marrow (BM) ACR: Negative serum/urine immunofixation (IF), <5% plasma cells in BM, and normal serum FLC ratio VGPR: 1. PR and any of the following; 2. serum/urine M-protein detectable by IF but not measurable (NM) on electrophoresis (EP); (3) ≥90% reduction in serum M-component and urine M-protein <100 mg/24 hr if baseline serum measurable; (4) urine M-component <100 mg/24 hr and NM serum M-protein on serum protein EP if baseline urine measurable; (5) ≥90% drop in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels if only FLC measurable PR: (1) ≥50% drop of serum M-protein and 24-hr urinary M-protein drop by ≥90% or to <200 mg/24 hr if baseline serum/urine measurable; or (2) ≥50% drop of serum M-protein if only serum measurable at baseline; or (3) 24-hr urinary M-protein drop by ≥90% or to <200 mg/24 hr if baseline urine measurable; or (4) ≥ 50% drop in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC if only FLC measu


Eligibility Criteria
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.


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Ages Eligible for Study:   18 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   No
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Histologically confirmed diagnosis of systemic light-chain amyloidosis

    • Histologic diagnosis of disease must be confirmed by pathology (positive Congo red stain with green birefringence on polarized light microscopy)
    • Genetic testing must be negative for transthyretin mutations associated with hereditary amyloidosis (required in patients who are African-American or who present with peripheral neuropathy as the dominant organ involvement)

  • Measurable disease, defined by >= 1 of the following:

    • Serum M-protein >= 1 g/dL by serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)
    • Difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain be >4.0mg/dL provided the kappa to lambda free light chain (FLC) ratio is abnormal

  • Symptomatic organ involvement* (heart, kidney, liver/gastrointestinal tract, peripheral nervous system, or soft tissue), defined as any of the following:

    • NOTE: *Carpal tunnel syndrome skin purpura or the presence of vascular amyloid on a bone marrow biopsy alone are not sufficient to meet criteria for "symptomatic organ involvement"
    • Renal involvement is defined as proteinuria (predominantly albumin) > 0.5 g/day by 24-hour urine collection
    • Cardiac involvement is defined as the presence of a mean left ventricular wall thickness of > 12 mm by echocardiogram in the absence of a history of hypertension or valvular heart disease or in the presence of unexplained low voltage (< 0.5 mV) by electrocardiogram
    • Hepatic involvement is defined as hepatomegaly or an alkaline phosphatase > 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
    • Peripheral nerve involvement is defined by clinical history or abnormal sensory and/or motor findings on neurologic exam
    • Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement is defined as gross GI bleeding or diarrhea (at least 4 stools per day over baseline); a positive GI biopsy is not sufficient to document clinical involvement
    • Autonomic nerve involvement is defined as orthostasis, symptoms of nausea or dysgeusia, gastric atony by gastric emptying scan, diarrhea, or constipation
    • Soft tissue and lymphatic involvement may be ascertained based on classic physical exam findings (macroglossia, shoulder pad sign, raccoon eyes, carpal tunnel syndrome, synovial enlargement, firm enlarged lymph nodes) or biopsy
  • Ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation with melphalan 200 mg/m^2 or refuses to undergo transplantation
  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2

  • Amyloid cardiac biomarker stage I or II disease

    • The amyloid cardiac staging system is based on NT-proBNP and troponin-T levels. If troponin T (cTnT) is not available at local institution then troponin I (cTnI) may be used. Thresholds for cTnT, cTnI, and NT-proBNP are < 0.035 ug/L, < 0.1 ug/L, and < 332 ng/L, respectively. Stage I patients have both troponin-T (or I) and NT-proBNP below the threshold. Stage II patients have either troponin-T (I) or NT-proBNP above the threshold. Stage III patients have troponin-T (or I) and simultaneous NT-proBNP above the threshold. Stage III patients are further classified as "better risk" if NT-proBNP is over 332 ng/L but less than 6000 ng/L
  • Negative pregnancy test
  • Fertile patients must use effective contraception
  • The absence of supine systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg and difficult to manage symptomatic orthostatic hypotension
  • Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 1,500/mm^3
  • Platelet count > 140,000/mm^3
  • Hemoglobin > 10 g/dL
  • Total bilirubin < 2.5 mg/dL
  • Alkaline phosphatase < 5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
  • Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) < 3 times ULN
  • Creatinine clearance > 30 mL/min
  • Bone marrow plasma cells < 30%

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positivity allowed provided the following criteria are met:

    • No history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining events including history of CD4 cell count < 200/mm^3
    • Current CD4 cell count >= 350/mm^3
    • Not receiving zidovudine or stavudine
    • No secondary amyloidosis

  • More than 3 weeks since radiotherapy

    • Enrollment of subjects who require radiotherapy (which must be localized in field size) should be deferred until the radiotherapy is completed and 3 weeks have elapsed since the last date of therapy
  • More than 14 days since prior and no concurrent participation in clinical trials with other investigational agents not included in this trial

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Pregnant or nursing
  • Clinically overt myeloma (hypercalcemia or lytic bone lesions)
  • Prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy for the treatment of myeloma or systemic light-chain amyloidosis
  • History of sustained ventricular tachycardias
  • Cardiac syncope
  • Uncompensated New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV congestive heart failure
  • Uncontrolled infection
  • Active malignancy within the past 5 years except for adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, in situ cervical cancer, or adequately treated stage I cancer currently in complete remission
  • Serious medical or psychiatric illness likely to interfere with study participation, including recent myocardial infarction (within the past 6 months) or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
  • Hypersensitivity to bortezomib, boron, or mannitol
  • Grade 2 or higher peripheral neuropathy
Contacts and Locations
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01078454


Locations
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Sponsors and Collaborators
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Investigators
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Study Chair: Angela Dispenzieri, M.D. Mayo Clinic
More Information
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Responsible Party: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01078454    
Other Study ID Numbers: NCI-2011-02010
NCI-2011-02010 ( Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program) )
E4A08 ( Other Identifier: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) )
U10CA021115 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
First Posted: March 2, 2010    Key Record Dates
Results First Posted: November 26, 2014
Last Update Posted: November 26, 2014
Last Verified: April 2014
Keywords provided by National Cancer Institute (NCI):
Melphalan
Dexamethasone
Bortezomib
Systemic Light-chain (AL) Amyloidosis
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
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Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis
Amyloidosis
Proteostasis Deficiencies
Metabolic Diseases
Neoplasms, Plasma Cell
Neoplasms by Histologic Type
Neoplasms
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Immunoproliferative Disorders
Immune System Diseases
Paraproteinemias
Dexamethasone
Bortezomib
Melphalan
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
 Antiemetics
Autonomic Agents
Peripheral Nervous System Agents
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Gastrointestinal Agents
Glucocorticoids
Hormones
Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal
Antineoplastic Agents
Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating
Alkylating Agents
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Myeloablative Agonists
Immunosuppressive Agents