Revitalize Cognition: Near Infrared Stimulation in Older Adults

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 62 years or above
• Able to provide informed consent and perform cognitive and mood measures on a computer
• Willingness to be randomized to Sham or Real intervention
• Can devote 2 weeks to the intervention, and additional time for pre and post testing
• 8th grade education and ability to read on 8th grade level based on scores on the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR) or the Wide Range Achievement Test-IV (WRAT-IV); or a reading test at 14 pt. text
• On stable doses of major medications; Since some older adults with memory complaints may be prescribed acetylcholinererase inhibitors or related medications by their primary care physicians (i.e., donepezil, rivastigmine, galantaominhe, memantime, or other potential memory-enhancing agent(s), we will not exclude them as long as they have been on stable medications for at least two months and plan to continue this medication during study participation.
• Willingness to allow a study partner (spouse, family member, friend) to answer questions about their cognitive, mood, and other behaviors

Exclusion criteria

• Sensory loss (vision, hearing) or motor deficits that would preclude participation in the experimental cognitive tasks or neuropsychological assessment
• Unstable and uncontrolled medical conditions (metabolic encephalopathy, HIV, moderate to severe kidney or liver disease)
• Previous major strokes or other known significant brain abnormalities or diseases affecting cognition (i.e., multiple sclerosis, seizure disorder, brain surgery, moderate TBI, etc.). No history of brain surgery. Exceptions are a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease for the PD subgroup.
• Evidence of potential dementia (e.g., scores < 24 on the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE), or < 20 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessement (MoCA), or less than 5th percentile on the Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2)
• Current or past history of major psychiatric disturbance including schizophrenia, or active psychosis, bipolar disorder, current major depressive episode, current alcohol or substance abuse or history thereof within the past six months. This will be assessed using the Mental Health Screen v.3 (Carroll & McGinley), a modification of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV psychiatric disorders. We are not excluding individuals who are taking antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications, however, use of antidepressants and anxiolytics will be recorded and data will be analyzed in post-hoc analyses
• Use of antipsychotics, sedatives, or other medications with significant anticholinergic properties (due to potential influence on memory)
• Use of photo-sensitive medications such as steroids or retin-A within 15 days of the study intervention
• Diagnosis of cancer
• Previous participation in a cognitive training study within the last 3 months or current involvement in another study at VITAL or ReVITALIZE, or another study involving cognitive training or intervention at the time of participation