• Total number of days of hospitalization (including unplanned readmission) (randomized patients)
  
• Incidence of serious adverse events (randomized and registered patients)
  

• Incidence of treatment failure as defined by the necessity for change in antibiotic therapy (randomized and registered patients)
  
• Incidence of unplanned readmissions (randomized patients)
  
• Patient acceptability of randomized discharge policy as measured by Health Questionnaire, Cancer Worries Inventory Booklet, and Patient Daily Diary (randomized patients)
  
• Toxicity attributed to oral antibiotic therapy as measured by NCI CTCAE v3.0 (randomized and registered patients)
  
• Health service costs (randomized patients)
  

OBJECTIVES:

• Identify cancer patients who are low-risk inpatients and meet criteria for early discharge (i.e., symptomatic improvement and temperature ≤ 37.8°C) after receiving oral antibiotics for febrile neutropenia.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, prospective, multicenter study. Patients are stratified by disease type (lymphoma vs solid tumor), duration of registration (< 48 hours vs > 48 hours), and participating center.

Patients receive oral amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium 3 times daily and oral ciprofloxacin twice daily on admission to the hospital. Treatment continues for 7 days in the absence of clinical deterioration or unacceptable toxicity. Patients are assessed as inpatients after ≥ 24 and up to 72 hours after the first antibiotic dose. Patients showing clear response (i.e., symptomatic improvement irrespective of neutrophil recovery, temperature ≤ 37.8 C for 24 hours) and who continue to meet study eligibility criteria are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.

• Arm I (early discharge): Patients are discharged home and instructed to remain in daily contact with hospital staff to report temperature and symptoms until completion of oral antibiotic regimen.
• Arm II (standard management): Patients continue their antibiotic course in hospital and are discharged according to local guidelines and the following additional criteria: subjective improvement, afebrile (≤ 37°C for 24 hours), and absolute neutrophil count ≥ 500/mm³ and rising.

Patients in both arms complete a daily diary documenting daily temperature readings, symptoms, and toxicities. Patients also complete a Health Questionnaire and a Cancer Worries Inventory Booklet at baseline, in the hospital immediately after randomization, and at completion of oral antibiotics or resolution of neutropenic febrile episode.

Peer Reviewed and Funded or Endorsed by Cancer Research UK

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 400 patients will be accrued for this study.