• a composite of mortality with the change over 12 months in left ventricular mass [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  
• a composite of mortality with the change over 12 months in the SF-36 RAND physical health composite. [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  

• cardiovascular structure and function (change in LV mass) [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  
• health-related quality of life/physical function (change in the PHC) [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  
• depression/burden of illness (change in Beck Depression Inventory) [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  
• nutrition (change in serum albumin) [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  
• cognitive function (change in the Trail Making Test B) [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  
• mineral metabolism (change in average predialysis serum phosphorus) [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  
• clinical events (rate of non-access hospitalization or death) [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  
• hypertension [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  
• anemia [ Time Frame: 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  

This trial is a randomized controlled trial recruiting subjects from dialysis units associated with designated Clinical Centers in the U.S. and Canada.

A total of 250 ESRD patients receiving in-center HD will be randomized to continue with conventional HD, 3 days per week (control group), or switch to daily HD, 6 days per week (intervention group). Subjects will be treated and followed for 12 months. Two co-primary outcomes are designated: 1) a composite of mortality with the change over 12 months in left ventricular mass, and 2) a composite of mortality with the change over 12 months in the SF-36 RAND physical health composite. In addition, main secondary outcomes have been designated for each of seven outcome domains: 1) cardiovascular structure and function (change in LV mass), 2) health-related quality of life/physical function (change in the PHC), 3) depression/burden of illness (change in Beck Depression Inventory), 4) nutrition (change in serum albumin), 5) cognitive function (change in the Trail Making Test B), 6) mineral metabolism (change in average predialysis serum phosphorus), and 7) clinical events (rate of non-access hospitalization or death). Hypertension and anemia are also main outcome domains, but without designation of single first priority outcomes.

The objectives of this study are the following:

Feasibility:

1. To determine the feasibility of recruiting and retaining patients in a randomized trial of six times per week in-center daily HD versus conventional three times per week in-center HD.

2. To determine patient adherence with and acceptance of in-center daily HD, and to identify reasons for discontinuation from or nonadherence with the therapy.

   Safety:

3. To determine the safety of in-center daily HD with a particular focus on vascular access events and participant burden.

   Efficacy:

4. To evaluate the efficacy of in-center daily HD compared to conventional three times per week HD on two co-primary outcomes: i) a composite of mortality with the change over 12 months in left ventricular mass by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ii) a composite of mortality with the change over 12 months in the SF-36 RAND physical health composite score (PHC).
5. To determine the effect of in-center daily HD on nine secondary outcome domains: i) cardiovascular structure and function, ii) health-related quality of life and physical function, iii) depression/burden of illness, iv) nutrition and inflammation, v) cognitive function, vi) mineral metabolism, vii) clinical events, viii) hypertension, and ix) anemia. Characterization of the Intervention

6. To better understand the complex therapy of in-center daily HD, by evaluating solute clearance, treatment times, volume removal, and non-dialytic factors such as differences in the frequency of medical surveillance and treatment.

   Implementation:

7. To determine the feasibility of implementing in-center daily HD in practice, by evaluating barriers to implementation such as the incremental cost of daily HD compared to 3 times per week conventional HD.