• Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
  

• Hospital mortality
  
• 28 Day mortality
  
• Length of ICU stay
  
• Length of hospital stay
  
• Number of episodes of hypoglycemia and associated clinical signs
  
• Infectious morbidity
  
• Incidence of organ failures
  
• Number of red-cell transfusions
  
• Number of days spent in ICU without life-support: vasopressors/inotropes, cardiac mechanical support, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy
  
• Daily SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) Score
  

Hyperglycemia frequently occurs during critical illness and is commonly implicated in the development of potentially lethal infectious, vascular and metabolic complications. We hypothesize that a control of glycemia by insulin will improve the vital outcome and the rate of complications in a heterogeneous population of critically ill patients. This hypothesis is supported by the findings of a recent trial performed in one surgical intensive care unit, which demonstrated a significant improvement in vital outcome and in several indices of morbidity in patients randomized to a tight control of glycemia. However, these findings can hardly be extrapolated to other conditions, including different types of pathologies and management. The present prospective, randomized, controlled and multicentric study, will compare the effects of two regimens of insulin therapy, respectively titrated to achieve a blood sugar level between 4.4 and 6.1 mmol/l (80 and 110 mg/dl, respectively) and between 7.8 and 10.0 mmol/l (140 and 180 mg/dl, respectively) and will be powered to detect a 4% decrease in absolute intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Secondary outcome variables will include in-hospital and 28-day mortality, lengths of stays in ICU and in the hospital, length of ICU stay without life-support therapy, number and clinical signs of episodes of hypoglycemia, rates of infections and organ failures, number of red-cell transfusions.