Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects who meet all of the following criteria are eligible for participation in the healthy subject cohort of the study:

  1. Ability to understand and provide written informed consent;
  2. Ability to complete the study in compliance with the protocol;
  3. Healthy male or female between 18 and 45 years of age, inclusive;
  4. Female subjects must be non-pregnant and non-lactating and must be surgically sterile, postmenopausal, or willing to use adequate contraception, including but not limited to hormonal contraceptive, diaphragm, condom or intrauterine device, during the course of the study. Female subjects must agree not to attempt to become pregnant during the study;
  5. Male subjects must be willing to use effective birth control if their female partners are of child-bearing potential starting the day prior to the first dose of study drug until the end of the study;
  6. Weigh at least 50 kg (110 lbs);
  7. Body mass Index (BMI) between 19 and 34.5 kg/m2, inclusive;
  8. No clinically significant abnormal findings on the physical examination, medical history, vital signs assessment, resting 12-lead ECG evaluation or clinical laboratory test results during screening;
  9. A negative hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C antibody or HIV antibody test result at screening or within the previous 3 months.

• Subjects who meet all of the following criteria are eligible for participation in the type 1 DM cohort of the study:

  1. Ability to understand and provide written informed consent;
  2. Ability to complete the study in compliance with the protocol;
  3. Male or female between 18 and 45 years of age, inclusive;
  4. If the subject is female, she must be non-pregnant and non-lactating and must be surgically sterile, postmenopausal, or willing to use adequate contraception, including but not limited to hormonal contraceptive, diaphragm, condom or intrauterine device, during the course of the study. Female subjects must agree not to attempt to become pregnant during the study;
  5. Male subjects must be willing to use effective birth control if their female partners are of child-bearing potential starting the day prior to administration of the first dose of study drug until the end of the study;
  6. Weigh at least 50 kg (110 lbs);
  7. Body Mass Index (BMI) between 19 and 34.5 kg/m2, inclusive;
  8. Clinical diagnosis of type 1 DM at least 2 years prior to screening;
  9. Treatment with insulin for at least 1 year and on a stable dose for at least 3 months prior to screening. Dose must be ≤ 0.8 units/kg/day;
  10. Currently self-monitoring blood glucose levels at least daily;
  11. HbA1c level 6-10%, inclusive;
  12. Serum C-peptide level ≤ 0.6 ng/mL;
  13. Serum creatinine < 1.5 mg/dL for males, and <1.4 mg/dL for females;

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subjects meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in the healthy subject cohort of the study:

  1. A clinically significant laboratory abnormality or other clinical findings indicative of a clinically significant exclusionary disease (including but not limited to renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neurological disease);
  2. History of any significant drug allergy;
  3. History of difficulty with phlebotomy;
  4. Use of any recreational drugs within the past year or a previous history of drug or alcohol abuse;
  5. Positive results from a urine screen for alcohol or substances of abuse at screening or upon admission to the Clinic;
  6. Current smoker or user of any tobacco products;
  7. Use of any prescription drug therapy within 14 days prior to receiving study drug;
  8. Use of any over-the-counter (OTC) drugs or herbal preparations within 72 hours prior to receiving study drug;
  9. Consumption of any caffeine-containing foods or beverages within 24 hours prior to receiving study drug;
  10. Consumption of alcohol within 24 hours prior to admission to the Clinic;
  11. Consumption of any grapefruit or grapefruit-containing juices within 72 hours prior to receiving study drug;
  12. Use of an investigational drug or product, or participation in a drug research study within 30 days prior to receiving drug;
  13. Prior exposure to lisofylline;
  14. The donation of blood (1 pint or more) within 30 days or plasma within 7 days of receiving study drug;
  15. Any condition which in the opinion of Investigator would interfere with the participant's ability to provide informed consent, comply with study instructions, possibly confound interpretation of study results, or endanger the participant if he or she took part in the trial

• Subjects meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in the type 1 DM cohort of the study:

  1. Known or suspected history of significant gastrointestinal, liver or cardiac disease, including stroke, peripheral vascular disease or any related symptom
  2. History of peptic ulcer disease and or gastrointestinal bleeding/perforation;
  3. History or presence of proliferative retinopathy, severe non-proliferative retinopathy, macular edema or presence of untreated diabetic eye disease;
  4. History of treated peripheral or autonomic neuropathy;
  5. History of hypoglycemia unawareness, and/or episodes of severe hypoglycemia within 60 days prior to screening;
  6. Non-healed diabetic ulcer;
  7. Diagnosis of type 2 DM, based upon subject report;
  8. Use of oral antihyperglycemic agents, pentoxifylline and/or theophylline;
  9. Use of any drug therapy that directly affects gastrointestinal motility;
  10. History of any significant drug allergy;
  11. History of difficulty with phlebotomy;
  12. Use of any recreational drugs within the past year or a previous history of drug or alcohol abuse;
  13. Positive results from a urine screen for alcohol or substances of abuse at screening or upon admission to the Clinic;
  14. Current smoker or user of any tobacco products;
  15. Use of any prescription drug therapy within 14 days prior to receiving study drug, with the exception of therapy to treat DM;
  16. Use of any over-the-counter (OTC) drugs or herbal preparations within 72 hours prior to receiving study drug;
  17. Consumption of any caffeine-containing foods or beverages within 24 hours prior to receiving study drug;
  18. Consumption of alcohol within 24 hours prior to admission to the Clinic;
  19. Consumption of any grapefruit or grapefruit-containing juices within 72 hours prior to receiving study drug;
  20. Use of an investigational drug or product, or participation in a drug research study within 30 days prior to receiving drug;
  21. Prior exposure to lisofylline;
  22. The donation of blood (1 pint or more) within 30 days or plasma within 7 days of receiving study drug;
  23. Any condition which in the opinion of Investigator would interfere with the participant's ability to provide informed consent, comply with study instructions, possibly confound interpretation of study results, or endanger the participant if he or she took part in the trial