• Retention in evidence-based treatment [ Time Frame: Measured at 3 months and 1 year ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) [ Time Frame: Measured at baseline and at Weeks -1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, and 52 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• Treatment Adherence and Retention Questionnaire (TARQ) [ Time Frame: Measured at baseline and at Weeks 12, 24, and 52 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) [ Time Frame: Measured at baseline and at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, and 52 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Perceived Need for Care Questionnaire (PNCQ) [ Time Frame: Measured at baseline and at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, and 52 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) [ Time Frame: Measured at baseline and at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, and 52 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) [ Time Frame: Measured at baseline and at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, and 52 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

Retention of Hispanics in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) continues to be a major public health problem. Hispanics drop out from treatment two to three times more frequently than non-Hispanic whites, despite the scarcity of treatment alternatives for Hispanics and their low rates of re-entry into the mental health care system. Consistent with the goals of Healthy People 2010 and the President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, the goal of this study is to test the efficacy in a research setting of a novel intervention to improve retention and response. This efficacy assessment would serve as a reference point for the development of future effectiveness trials in community settings.

Our intervention is founded on growing evidence that when depressed Hispanics seek help for mental health problems, they prefer to receive psychotherapy or combined treatment in the form of weekly in-person clinic visits. However, socioeconomic barriers, such as low-paying jobs with irregular hours, lack of child care, and limited time availability, often reduce treatment retention and result in dropout rates up to three times those of non-Hispanic whites. Based on emerging literature and on promising pilot data, we propose to study the efficacy for depressed Hispanics of an intervention that would allow for patient choice between the following options: 1) Medication alone, following the Texas Medication Algorithm for Depression (TMA); 2) Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT-B) alone, with optional telephone sessions; or 3) Combined medication plus IPT-B. This intervention would allow switching of treatment modality (e.g., from IPT-B alone to combined treatment) at any point during the study period. We hypothesize that by permitting patient choice among evidence-based treatments, flexibility in the sequential use of treatments, and novel treatment delivery systems, this intervention will substantially increase retention of Hispanics in MDD treatment. Furthermore, we will examine mediators and moderators of retention, including stigma and insurance coverage.

We propose to test this intervention in depressed Hispanics seeking outpatient psychiatric treatment using a randomized trial with TMA as the control group. Both groups will have access to medication using the TMA but only one group will be offered IPT_B. . We will test the association between treatment, retention, and response over the course of acute MDD care (12 weeks), and will also obtain preliminary outcome data after 9 more months of treatment (i.e., for a total of 12 months). Our pilot data enable us to estimate the sample size for the acute phase, while the additional follow-up period allows us to examine the effect of choice over the longer-term course of MDD care.