Trachoma Elimination Follow-up - Full Text View

Sponsor:	University of California, San Francisco
Information provided by (Responsible Party):	Thomas M. Lietman, University of California, San Francisco
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT00221364

Purpose

The WHO has initiated a program to eliminate blinding trachoma by the year 2020, in large part by mass oral azithromycin distributions. It is not clear how frequently or for how long these treatments are necessary. Here we assess the frequency and duration of treatment.

Condition	Intervention	Phase
Trachoma Chlamydia	Drug: Mass treatment with oral azithromycin to an entire village	Phase IV

Study Type:	Interventional
Study Design:	Allocation: Randomized Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment Masking: Single Blind Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title:	Trachoma Elimination With Repeated Mass Azithromycin Treatments

Resource links provided by NLM:

MedlinePlus related topics: Chlamydia Infections

Drug Information available for: Azithromycin

U.S. FDA Resources

Further study details as provided by University of California, San Francisco:

Primary Outcome Measures:

The prevalence of ocular chlamydia infection in a village as determined by PCR

Secondary Outcome Measures:

Clinical active trachoma, as determined by the WHO simplified grading system, by village

Estimated Enrollment:	20000
Study Start Date:	March 2003
Estimated Study Completion Date:	May 2012
Primary Completion Date:	April 2005 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)

Detailed Description:

40 villages in the Gurage Zone of Ethiopia were randomly assigned to biannual treatment, annual treatment, and a single treatment. Each treatment consisted of a single dose of oral azithromycin to the entire population over the age of 1 year (when the study was started, azithromycin had not yet been approved for ages below 1 year). We assess the prevalence the ocular chlamydia that causes trachoma in the peak prevalence age of 1-5 years at baseline, and 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post treatment. An extension of the study monitors infection at 30 and 36 months post treatment. Untreated villages from the same area are enrolled in a step-wedge design to assess the presence of a secular trend. A random sample of those not within the 1-5 year old age group are examined to assess the prevalence of infection in the entire community.

Eligibility

Ages Eligible for Study:	1 Year and older
Genders Eligible for Study:	Both
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:	No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Age 1 to 5 years old in a village in the Gurage zone with endemic trachoma

Exclusion Criteria:

Refusal of village chief (for village inclusion), or refusal of parent or guardian (for individual inclusion)

Contacts and Locations

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00221364

Locations

Ethiopia
ORBIS-Ethiopia
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Sponsors and Collaborators

University of California, San Francisco

Investigators

Principal Investigator:

Thomas M Lietman, MD

Proctor Foundation, UCSF

More Information

Publications:

Melese M, Chidambaram JD, Alemayehu W, Lee DC, Yi EH, Cevallos V, Zhou Z, Donnellan C, Saidel M, Whitcher JP, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM. Feasibility of eliminating ocular Chlamydia trachomatis with repeat mass antibiotic treatments. JAMA. 2004 Aug 11;292(6):721-5.

Chidambaram JD, Melese M, Alemayehu W, Yi E, Prabriputaloong T, Lee DC, Cevallos V, Zhou Z, Whitcher JP, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM. Mass antibiotic treatment and community protection in trachoma control programs. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Nov 1;39(9):e95-7. Epub 2004 Oct 6.

Ray KJ, Porco TC, Hong KC, Lee DC, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Lakew T, Yi E, House J, Chidambaram JD, Whitcher JP, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM. A rationale for continuing mass antibiotic distributions for trachoma. BMC Infect Dis. 2007 Aug 7;7:91.

Lee S, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Lakew T, Lee D, Yi E, Cevallos V, Donnellan C, Zhou Z, Chidambaram JD, Gaynor BD, Whitcher JP, Lietman TM. Chlamydia on children and flies after mass antibiotic treatment for trachoma. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Jan;76(1):129-31.

Chidambaram JD, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Lakew T, Yi E, House J, Cevallos V, Zhou Z, Maxey K, Lee DC, Shapiro BL, Srinivasan M, Porco T, Whitcher JP, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM. Effect of a single mass antibiotic distribution on the prevalence of infectious trachoma. JAMA. 2006 Mar 8;295(10):1142-6.

Haug S, Lakew T, Habtemariam G, Alemayehu W, Cevallos V, Zhou Z, House J, Ray K, Porco T, Rutar T, Keenan J, Lietman TM, Gaynor BD. The decline of pneumococcal resistance after cessation of mass antibiotic distributions for trachoma. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Sep 1;51(5):571-4.

Shah NA, House J, Lakew T, Alemayehu W, Halfpenny C, Hong KC, Keenan JD, Porco TC, Whitcher JP, Lietman TM, Gaynor BD. Travel and implications for the elimination of trachoma in ethiopia. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2010 Mar;17(2):113-7.

Keenan JD, Lakew T, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Porco TC, Yi E, House JI, Zhou Z, Ray KJ, Acharya NR, Whitcher JP, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM. Clinical activity and polymerase chain reaction evidence of chlamydial infection after repeated mass antibiotic treatments for trachoma. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Mar;82(3):482-7.

Biebesheimer JB, House J, Hong KC, Lakew T, Alemayehu W, Zhou Z, Moncada J, Rogér A, Keenan J, Gaynor BD, Schachter J, Lietman TM. Complete local elimination of infectious trachoma from severely affected communities after six biannual mass azithromycin distributions. Ophthalmology. 2009 Nov;116(11):2047-50. Epub 2009 Sep 10.

Lakew T, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Yi E, House JI, Hong KC, Zhou Z, Ray KJ, Porco TC, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM, Keenan JD. Importance of coverage and endemicity on the return of infectious trachoma after a single mass antibiotic distribution. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009 Aug 25;3(8):e507.

Lakew T, House J, Hong KC, Yi E, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Zhou Z, Ray K, Chin S, Romero E, Keenan J, Whitcher JP, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM. Reduction and return of infectious trachoma in severely affected communities in Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009;3(2):e376. Epub 2009 Feb 3.

Hong KC, Schachter J, Moncada J, Zhou Z, House J, Lietman TM. Lack of macrolide resistance in Chlamydia trachomatis after mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Jul;15(7):1088-90.

Yang JL, Hong KC, Schachter J, Moncada J, Lekew T, House JI, Zhou Z, Neuwelt MD, Rutar T, Halfpenny C, Shah N, Whitcher JP, Lietman TM. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis ocular infection in trachoma-endemic communities by rRNA amplification. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Jan;50(1):90-4. Epub 2008 Aug 8.

Melese M, Alemayehu W, Lakew T, Yi E, House J, Chidambaram JD, Zhou Z, Cevallos V, Ray K, Hong KC, Porco TC, Phan I, Zaidi A, Gaynor BD, Whitcher JP, Lietman TM. Comparison of annual and biannual mass antibiotic administration for elimination of infectious trachoma. JAMA. 2008 Feb 20;299(7):778-84.

Gill DA, Lakew T, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Zhou Z, House JI, Hong KC, Ray KJ, Gandhi N, Whitcher JP, Gaynor BD, Lietman TM. Complete elimination is a difficult goal for trachoma programs in severely affected communities. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Feb 15;46(4):564-6.

Additional publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

See CW, Alemayehu W, Melese M, Zhou Z, Porco TC, Shiboski S, Gaynor BD, Eng J, Keenan JD, Lietman TM. How reliable are tests for trachoma?--a latent class approach. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Aug 3;52(9):6133-7. Print 2011 Aug.

Responsible Party:	Thomas M. Lietman, Professor, University of California, San Francisco
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT00221364 History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers:	10-02630
Study First Received:	September 14, 2005
Last Updated:	August 18, 2011
Health Authority:	United States: Institutional Review Board

Keywords provided by University of California, San Francisco:

Trachoma
Chlamydia
Azithromycin

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Chlamydia Infections
Trachoma
Chlamydiaceae Infections
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Bacterial Infections
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Infection
Genital Diseases, Male
Genital Diseases, Female
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial

Eye Infections, Bacterial
Eye Infections
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctival Diseases
Eye Diseases
Corneal Diseases
Azithromycin
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Therapeutic Uses
Pharmacologic Actions

ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on February 12, 2012