• Complete response rate at 6 months [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Acute toxicity as measured up to 4 weeks after chemoradiation [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  
• Recurrence-free survival [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• Colostomy rate [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• In field recurrence rate as measured by confirmed disease within radiation therapy field [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Cause-specific and overall survival [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

OBJECTIVES:

• Compare the response rates in patients with primary epidermoid anal cancer treated with radiotherapy and fluorouracil with either mitomycin or cisplatin and with or without maintenance therapy.
• Compare local control and prevention or delay of disease dissemination in patients treated with these regimens.

OUTLINE: This is randomized, open-label, multicenter study. Patients are randomized to one of four treatment arms.

All patients undergo radiotherapy daily 5 days a week for 5.5 weeks. All patients also receive fluorouracil IV continuously over days 1-4 and 29-32.

• Arm I: Patients receive mitomycin IV on day 1.
• Arm II: Patients receive cisplatin IV on days 1 and 29.
• Arm III: Patients receive mitomycin as in arm I and maintenance therapy comprising fluorouracil IV continuously over days 1-4 and cisplatin IV on day 1 beginning 4-8 weeks after completion of primary therapy and repeating once 3 weeks later.
• Arm IV: Patients receive cisplatin as in arm II and maintenance therapy as in arm III.

Patients are followed at 2 months, every 3 months for 2 years, every 6 months for 3 years, and then annually thereafter.

Peer Reviewed and Funded or Endorsed by Cancer Research UK

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 600 patients (150 per treatment arm) will be accrued for this study.