Stanford Five-City Multifactor Risk Reduction Study - Full Text View

Sponsor:	National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Information provided by:	National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT00005143

Purpose

To conduct a large-scale demonstration and education project designed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of long-term community health education directed toward lowering cardiovascular disease risk, morbidity, and mortality. Targeted risk factors included general lifestyle, smoking, blood pressure, nutrition and weight, and exercise. The program was evaluated by biennial cross-sectional independent surveys, longitudinal studies, and morbidity and mortality surveillance.

Condition
Cardiovascular Diseases Heart Diseases Atherosclerosis Coronary Disease Cerebrovascular Accident Myocardial Infarction Hypertension

Study Type:	Observational
Study Design:	Observational Model: Natural History

Resource links provided by NLM:

MedlinePlus related topics: Atherosclerosis Coronary Artery Disease Heart Attack Heart Diseases High Blood Pressure

U.S. FDA Resources

Further study details as provided by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI):

Study Start Date:	July 1978
Estimated Study Completion Date:	February 1998

Show Detailed Description

More Information

Publications:

Farquhar JW, Fortmann SP, Maccoby N, Wood PD, Haskell WL, et al: The Stanford Five City Project: An Overview. In: Matarazzo JD, Miller NE, Weiss SM, Herd JA & Weiss SM (Eds), Behavioral Health: A Handbook of Health Enhancement and Disease Prevention. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, 1154-1165, 1984

Fortmann SP, Rogers T, Vranizan K, Haskell WL, Solomon DS, Farquhar JW. Indirect measures of cigarette use: expired-air carbon monoxide versus plasma thiocyanate. Prev Med. 1984 Jan;13(1):127-35.

Solomon DS, Maccoby N: Communication as a Model for Health Enhancement. In: Matarazzo JD, Miller NE, Weiss SM, Herd JA and Weiss SM (Eds), Behavioral Health: A Handbook of Health Enhancement and Disease Prevention. Silver Spring, MD: John Wiley, Chapter 13, pp. 209-221, 1984

Sallis JF, Haskell WL, Wood PD, Fortmann SP, Rogers T, Blair SN, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Physical activity assessment methodology in the Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Jan;121(1):91-106.

Sallis JF, Flora JA, Fortmann SP, Taylor CB, Maccoby N. Mediated smoking cessation programs in the Stanford Five-City Project. Addict Behav. 1985;10(4):441-3.

Farquhar JW, Fortmann SP, Maccoby N, Haskell WL, Williams PT, Flora JA, Taylor CB, Brown BW Jr, Solomon DS, Hulley SB. The Stanford Five-City Project: design and methods. Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Aug;122(2):323-34.

Blair SN, Haskell WL, Ho P, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Vranizan KM, Farquhar JW, Wood PD. Assessment of habitual physical activity by a seven-day recall in a community survey and controlled experiments. Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Nov;122(5):794-804.

Fortmann SP, Sallis JF, Magnus PM, Farquhar JW. Attitudes and practices of physicians regarding hypertension and smoking: The Stanford Five City Project. Prev Med. 1985 Jan;14(1):70-80.

Farquhar JW, Maccoby N, Wood PD: Education and Communication Studies. In: Holland WW, Detels R & Knox G (Eds). Oxford Textbook of Public Health0, Vol. 3. Oxford, London: Oxford University Press, pp. 207-221, 1985

Jacob RG, Fortmann SP, Kraemer HC, Farquhar JW, Agras WS. Combining behavioral treatments to reduce blood pressure. A controlled outcome study. Behav Modif. 1985 Jan;9(1):32-53. No abstract available.

Sallis JF, Haskell WL, Wood PD, Fortmann SP, Vranizan KM. Vigorous physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults. J Chronic Dis. 1986;39(2):115-20.

Fortmann SP, Haskell WL, Williams PT, Varady AN, Hulley SB, Farquhar JW. Community surveillance of cardiovascular diseases in the Stanford Five-City Project. Methods and initial experience. Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Apr;123(4):656-69.

Fortmann SP, Haskell WL, Williams PT. Changes in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol after changes in cigarette use. Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Oct;124(4):706-10. No abstract available.

Sallis JF, Hill RD, Killen JD, Telch MJ, Flora JA, Girard J, Taylor CB, Fortmann SP. Efficacy of self-help behavior modification materials in smoking cessation. Am J Prev Med. 1986 Nov-Dec;2(6):342-4.

Sallis JF, Haskell WL, Fortmann SP, Wood PD, Vranizan KM. Moderate-intensity physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors: the Stanford Five-City Project. Prev Med. 1986 Nov;15(6):561-8.

Sallis JF, Hill RD, Fortmann SP, Flora JA. Health behavior change at the worksite: cardiovascular risk reduction. Prog Behav Modif. 1986;20:161-97. Review. No abstract available.

Sallis JF, Haskell WL, Fortmann SP, Vranizan KM, Taylor CB, Solomon DS. Predictors of adoption and maintenance of physical activity in a community sample. Prev Med. 1986 Jul;15(4):331-41.

Chafee SH, Roser C: Involvement and the Consistency of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors. Commun Res, 13:373-399, 1986

King AC, Flora JA, Fortmann SP, Taylor CB. Smokers' challenge: immediate and long-term findings of a community smoking cessation contest. Am J Public Health. 1987 Oct;77(10):1340-1.

Tuomilehto J, Kuulasmaa K, Torppa J. [WHO MONICA Project: geographic variation in mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Baseline data on selected population characteristics and cardiovascular mortality.] World Health Stat Q. 1987;40(2):171-84. No abstract available.

Maron DJ, Fortmann SP. Nicotine yield and measures of cigarette smoke exposure in a large population: are lower-yield cigarettes safer? Am J Public Health. 1987 May;77(5):546-9.

Altman DG, Flora JA, Fortmann SP, Farquhar JW. The cost-effectiveness of three smoking cessation programs. Am J Public Health. 1987 Feb;77(2):162-5.

Williams PT, Karlin S, Farquhar JW. Permutation analyses of familial association arrays for lipoprotein concentrations in families of the Stanford Five City Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Dec;126(6):1126-40.

King AC, Saylor KE, Foster S, Killen JD, Telch MJ, Farquhar JW, Flora JA. Promoting dietary change in adolescents: a school-based approach for modifying and maintaining healthful behavior. Am J Prev Med. 1988 Mar-Apr;4(2):68-74.

Flora JA, Farquhar JW. Methods of message design: experiences from the Stanford Five City Project. Scand J Prim Health Care Suppl. 1988;1:39-47.

Farquhar JW, Fortmann SP, Flora JA, Taylor CB, Haskell WL, Williams PT, Maccoby N, Wood PD. Effects of communitywide education on cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Stanford Five-City Project. JAMA. 1990 Jul 18;264(3):359-65.

Fortmann SP, Winkleby MA, Flora JA, Haskell WL, Taylor CB. Effect of long-term community health education on blood pressure and hypertension control. The Stanford Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1990 Oct;132(4):629-46.

Albright CL, Flora JA, Fortmann SP. Restaurant menu labeling: impact of nutrition information on entree sales and patron attitudes. Health Educ Q. 1990 Summer;17(2):157-67.

Winkleby MA, Fortmann SP, Barrett DC. Social class disparities in risk factors for disease: eight-year prevalence patterns by level of education. Prev Med. 1990 Jan;19(1):1-12.

Frank E, Winkleby MA, Fortmann SP, Rockhill B, Farquhar JW. Improved cholesterol-related knowledge and behavior and plasma cholesterol levels in adults during the 1980s. JAMA. 1992 Sep 23-30;268(12):1566-72.

Taylor CB, Fortmann SP, Flora J, Kayman S, Barrett DC, Jatulis D, Farquhar JW. Effect of long-term community health education on body mass index. The Stanford Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Aug 1;134(3):235-49.

Farquhar JW. The Stanford Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Programs. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;623:327-31. No abstract available.

Winkleby MA, Fortmann SP, Rockhill B. Trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors by educational level: the Stanford Five-City Project. Prev Med. 1992 Sep;21(5):592-601.

Hyman DJ, Barrett DC, Fortmann SP. Effect of minor illness on serum cholesterol level. Am J Prev Med. 1992 Mar-Apr;8(2):100-3.

Winkleby MA, Jatulis DE, Frank E, Fortmann SP. Socioeconomic status and health: how education, income, and occupation contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Am J Public Health. 1992 Jun;82(6):816-20.

Jackson C, Jatulis DE, Fortmann SP. The Behavioral Risk Factor Survey and the Stanford Five-City Project Survey: a comparison of cardiovascular risk behavior estimates. Am J Public Health. 1992 Mar;82(3):412-6.

Frank E, Winkleby MA, Altman DG, Rockhill B, Fortmann SP. Predictors of physician's smoking cessation advice. JAMA. 1991 Dec 11;266(22):3139-44.

Jackson C, Winkleby MA, Flora JA, Fortmann SP. Use of educational resources for cardiovascular risk reduction in the Stanford Five-City Project. Am J Prev Med. 1991 Mar-Apr;7(2):82-8.

Williams JE, Flora JA. Health behavior segmentation and campaign planning to reduce cardiovascular disease risk among Hispanics. Health Educ Q. 1995 Feb;22(1):36-48.

Cullinan J, Cullinan A. Early fluoroscopic imaging. Radiol Technol. 1994 Nov-Dec;66(2):119-24. No abstract available.

Taylor CB, Jatulis DE, Winkleby MA, Rockhill BJ, Kraemer HC. Effects of life-style on body mass index change. Epidemiology. 1994 Nov;5(6):599-603.

Davis SK, Winkleby MA, Farquhar JW. Increasing disparity in knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and risk-reduction strategies by socioeconomic status: implications for policymakers. Am J Prev Med. 1995 Sep-Oct;11(5):318-23.

Fortmann SP, Flora JA, Winkleby MA, Schooler C, Taylor CB, Farquhar JW. Community intervention trials: reflections on the Stanford Five-City Project Experience. Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Sep 15;142(6):576-86.

Frank E, Winkleby M, Fortmann SP, Rockhill B, Farquhar JW. Improvements in cholesterol-related knowledge and behavior and plasma cholesterol levels in youths during the 1980s. Am J Prev Med. 1993 May-Jun;9(3):168-74.

Frank E, Winkleby M, Fortmann SP, Farquhar JW. Cardiovascular disease risk factors: improvements in knowledge and behavior in the 1980s. Am J Public Health. 1993 Apr;83(4):590-3.

Winkleby MA, Schooler C, Kraemer HC, Lin J, Fortmann SP. Hispanic versus white smoking patterns by sex and level of education. Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Aug 15;142(4):410-8.

Taylor CB, Jatulis DE, Fortmann SP, Kraemer HC. Weight variability effects: a prospective analysis from the Stanford Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Mar 1;141(5):461-5.

Winkleby MA, Albright CL, Howard-Pitney B, Lin J, Fortmann SP. Hispanic/white differences in dietary fat intake among low educated adults and children. Prev Med. 1994 Jul;23(4):465-73.

Young DR, Haskell WL, Jatulis DE, Fortmann SP. Associations between changes in physical activity and risk factors for coronary heart disease in a community-based sample of men and women: the Stanford Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Aug 15;138(4):205-16.

Winkleby MA, Fortmann SP, Rockhill B. Health-related risk factors in a sample of Hispanics and whites matched on sociodemographic characteristics. The Stanford Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Jun 15;137(12):1365-75.

Williams EL, Winkleby MA, Fortmann SP. Changes in coronary heart disease risk factors in the 1980s: evidence of a male-female crossover effect with age. Am J Epidemiol. 1993 May 15;137(10):1056-67.

Fortmann SP, Taylor CB, Flora JA, Winkleby MA. Effect of community health education on plasma cholesterol levels and diet: the Stanford Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1993 May 15;137(10):1039-55.

Fortmann SP, Taylor CB, Flora JA, Jatulis DE. Changes in adult cigarette smoking prevalence after 5 years of community health education: the Stanford Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Jan 1;137(1):82-96.

Farquhar JW, Fortmann SP, Wood PD, Haskell WL: Community Studies of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. In: Kaplan NM, Stamler J (Eds). Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 170-181, 1983

Fortmann SP, Haskell WL, Vranizan K, Brown BW, Farquhar JW. The association of blood pressure and dietary alcohol: differences by age, sex, and estrogen use. Am J Epidemiol. 1983 Oct;118(4):497-507.

Farquhar JW, Maccoby N, Solomon DS: Community Applications of Behavioral Medicine. In: Gentry WD (Ed), Handbook of Behavioral Medicine, The Guilford Press, NY, 437-478, 1984

King AC, Kiernan M, Ahn DK, Wilcox S. The effects of marital transitions on changes in physical activity: results from a 10-year community study. Ann Behav Med. 1998 Spring;20(2):64-9.

Greeno CG, Jackson C, Williams EL, Fortmann SP. The effect of perceived control over eating on the life satisfaction of women and men: results from a community sample. Int J Eat Disord. 1998 Dec;24(4):415-9.

Davis SK, Ahn DK, Fortmann SP, Farquhar JW. Determinants of cholesterol screening and treatment patterns. Insights for decision-makers. Am J Prev Med. 1998 Oct;15(3):178-86. Erratum in: Am J Prev Med 1998 Nov;15(4):433.

Ribisl KM, Winkleby MA, Fortmann SP, Flora JA. The interplay of socioeconomic status and ethnicity on Hispanic and white men's cardiovascular disease risk and health communication patterns. Health Educ Res. 1998 Sep;13(3):407-17.

Winkleby MA, Feldman HA, Murray DM. Joint analysis of three U.S. community intervention trials for reduction of cardiovascular disease risk. J Clin Epidemiol. 1997 Jun;50(6):645-58.

Wild SH, Fortmann SP, Marcovina SM. A prospective case-control study of lipoprotein(a) levels and apo(a) size and risk of coronary heart disease in Stanford Five-City Project participants. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Feb;17(2):239-45. Erratum in: Arterioscler Throm Vasc Biol 1997 May;17(5):1010.

Winkleby MA, Taylor CB, Jatulis D, Fortmann SP. The long-term effects of a cardiovascular disease prevention trial: the Stanford Five-City Project. Am J Public Health. 1996 Dec;86(12):1773-9.

Oka RK, Fortmann SP, Varady AN. Differences in treatment of acute myocardial infarction by sex, age, and other factors (the Stanford Five-City Project). Am J Cardiol. 1996 Oct 15;78(8):861-5.

Gardner CD, Fortmann SP, Krauss RM. Association of small low-density lipoprotein particles with the incidence of coronary artery disease in men and women. JAMA. 1996 Sep 18;276(11):875-81.

Schooler C, Sundar SS, Flora J. Effects of the Stanford Five-City Project Media Advocacy Program. Health Educ Q. 1996 Aug;23(3):346-64.

Young DR, Haskell WL, Taylor CB, Fortmann SP. Effect of community health education on physical activity knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. The Stanford Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Aug 1;144(3):264-74.

Winkleby MA, Gardner CD, Taylor CB. The influence of gender and socioeconomic factors on Hispanic/white differences in body mass index. Prev Med. 1996 Mar-Apr;25(2):203-11.

Winkleby MA, Kraemer H, Lin J, Jatulis D, Fortmann SP. Sociodemographic influences on Hispanic-white differences in blood pressure. Public Health Rep. 1996;111 Suppl 2:30-2.

Wild SH, Laws A, Fortmann SP, Varady AN, Byrne CD. Mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke for six ethnic groups in California, 1985 to 1990. Ann Epidemiol. 1995 Nov;5(6):432-9.

Fortmann SP, Varady AN. Effects of a community-wide health education program on cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: the Stanford Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Aug 15;152(4):316-23.

Gardner CD, Tribble DL, Young DR, Ahn D, Fortmann SP. Associations of HDL, HDL(2), and HDL(3) cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and B with lifestyle factors in healthy women and men: the Stanford Five City Project. Prev Med. 2000 Oct;31(4):346-56.

Gardner CD, Tribble DL, Young DR, Ahn D, Fortmann SP. Population frequency distributions of HDL, HDL(2), and HDL(3) cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and B in healthy men and women and associations with age, gender, hormonal status, and sex hormone use: the Stanford Five City Project. Prev Med. 2000 Oct;31(4):335-45.

Rimal RN. Closing the knowledge-behavior gap in health promotion: the mediating role of self-efficacy. Health Commun. 2000;12(3):219-37.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT00005143 History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers:	1014
Study First Received:	May 25, 2000
Last Updated:	June 23, 2005
Health Authority:	United States: Federal Government

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular Diseases
Coronary Disease
Coronary Artery Disease
Heart Diseases
Hypertension
Infarction
Myocardial Infarction
Cerebral Infarction
Stroke
Arteriosclerosis
Arterial Occlusive Diseases

Vascular Diseases
Myocardial Ischemia
Ischemia
Pathologic Processes
Necrosis
Brain Infarction
Brain Ischemia
Cerebrovascular Disorders
Brain Diseases
Central Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseases

ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on February 12, 2012

Genders Eligible for Study:	Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:	No