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Study Results
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Early Bactericidal Activity of Linezolid, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Isoniazid (INH) and Moxifloxacin in HIV Negative Adults With Initial Episodes of Sputum Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis
This study has been completed.
Study NCT00396084   Information provided by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

First Received on November 3, 2006.   Last Updated on June 9, 2011   History of Changes
Results First Received: November 19, 2008  
Study Type: Interventional
Study Design: Allocation: Randomized;   Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study;   Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment;   Masking: Open Label;   Primary Purpose: Treatment
Condition: TB Multi-drug Resistant
Interventions: Drug: Gatifloxacin
Drug: Levofloxacin
Drug: Moxifloxacin
Drug: Isoniazid
Drug: Linezolid

  Participant Flow
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Recruitment Details
Key information relevant to the recruitment process for the overall study, such as dates of the recruitment period and locations
Screening for the trial began in February 2004 in Vitória, Brazil. Non-HIV infected adults aged 18-65 years with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) were recruited at local TB posts and the Hospital Universitario Cassiano Antonio de Moraes of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) in Vitória. Enrollment was completed in October 2007.

Pre-Assignment Details
Significant events and approaches for the overall study following participant enrollment, but prior to group assignment
A total of 113 adults with suspected pulmonary TB were evaluated for study participation. Forty-three were excluded because they did not meet the eligibility criteria, leaving a total of 70 patients.

Reporting Groups
  Description
Gatifloxacin 400 mg/Day Gatifloxacin 400 mg/day x 7 days
Levofloxacin 1000 mg/Day Levofloxacin 1000 mg/day x 7days
Linezolid 600 mg / Once Daily Linezolid 600 mg/once daily x 7days
Linezolid 600 mg / Twice Daily Linezolid 600 mg twice daily x 7 days
Moxifloxacin 400 mg/Day Moxifloxacin 400 mg/day x 7 days
Isoniazid (INH) 300 mg/Day Isoniazid (INH) 300 mg/day x 7 days

Participant Flow:   Overall Study
    Gatifloxacin 400 mg/Day     Levofloxacin 1000 mg/Day     Linezolid 600 mg / Once Daily     Linezolid 600 mg / Twice Daily     Moxifloxacin 400 mg/Day     Isoniazid (INH) 300 mg/Day  
STARTED     10     10     10     10     10     20  
COMPLETED     10     10     10     9     9     18  
NOT COMPLETED     0     0     0     1     1     2  
Adverse Event                 0                 0                 0                 0                 1                 2  
Withdrawal by Subject                 0                 0                 0                 1                 0                 0  



  Baseline Characteristics
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Reporting Groups
  Description
Gatifloxacin 400 mg/Day Gatifloxacin 400 mg/day x 7 days
Levofloxacin 1000 mg/Day Levofloxacin 1000 mg/day x 7days
Linezolid 600 mg / Once Daily Linezolid 600 mg/once daily x 7days
Linezolid 600 mg / Twice Daily Linezolid 600 mg twice daily x 7 days
Moxifloxacin 400 mg/Day Moxifloxacin 400 mg/day x 7 days
Isoniazid (INH) 300 mg/Day Isoniazid (INH) 300 mg/day x 7 days

Baseline Measures
    Gatifloxacin 400 mg/Day     Levofloxacin 1000 mg/Day     Linezolid 600 mg / Once Daily     Linezolid 600 mg / Twice Daily     Moxifloxacin 400 mg/Day     Isoniazid (INH) 300 mg/Day     Total  
Number of Participants  
[units: participants]
 		  10     10     10     10     10     20     70  
Age  
[units: participants]
 		             
<=18 years     0     0     0     0     0     0     0  
Between 18 and 65 years     10     10     10     10     10     20     70  
>=65 years     0     0     0     0     0     0     0  
Age  
[units: years]
Median ( Inter-Quartile Range ) 		  34.5  
  ( 27.0 to 40.0 )   		  43.5  
  ( 42.0 to 46.0 )   		  33.5  
  ( 23.0 to 42.0 )   		  45.0  
  ( 39.0 to 48.0 )   		  35.0  
  ( 25.0 to 37.0 )   		  33.0  
  ( 23.0 to 43.5 )   		  35.0  
  ( 26.0 to 44.0 )  
Gender  
[units: participants]
 		             
Female     1     2     2     2     1     3     11  
Male     9     8     8     8     9     17     59  
Region of Enrollment  
[units: participants]
 		             
Brazil     10     10     10     10     10     20     70  



  Outcome Measures
  Show All Outcome Measures

1.  Primary:   Sputum Bacillary Loads: Adjusted Area Under the Curve (aAUC)   [ Time Frame: Study drug administration duration - 7 days monotherapy ]
  Show Outcome Measure 1

2.  Primary:   Difference in Sputum Bacillary Loads: Early Bactericidal Activity (EBA) Days 0 to 2; Fluoroquinolones/Isoniazid (INH) Comparison   [ Time Frame: Day 0 to Day 2 Monotherapy ]
  Show Outcome Measure 2

3.  Primary:   Extended Early Bactericidal Activity (EBA) From Days 2 to 7; Fluoroquinolones/Isoniazid (INH) Comparison   [ Time Frame: Day 2 to Day 7 Monotherapy ]
  Show Outcome Measure 3

4.  Primary:   Sputum Bacillary Loads: Adjusted Area Under the Curve (aAUC)   [ Time Frame: Study drug administration duration - 7 days monotherapy ]
  Show Outcome Measure 4

5.  Primary:   Difference in Sputum Bacillary Loads: Early Bactericidal Activity (EBA) Days 0 to 2; Linezolid Once Daily/Linezolid Twice Daily/Isoniazid (INH) Comparison   [ Time Frame: Day 0 to Day 2 Monotherapy ]
  Show Outcome Measure 5

6.  Primary:   Difference in Sputum Bacillary Loads: Extended Early Bactericidal Activity (EBA) From Days 2 to 7; Linezolid Once Daily/Linezolid Twice Daily/INH Comparison   [ Time Frame: Day 2 to Day 7 Monotherapy ]
  Show Outcome Measure 6

7.  Secondary:   Maximum Plasma Drug Concentration (Cmax)   [ Time Frame: Day 5 (7 time points) ]
  Show Outcome Measure 7

8.  Secondary:   Time to Maximum Plasma Drug Concentration (Tmax) and Half-life   [ Time Frame: Day 5 (7 time points) ]
  Show Outcome Measure 8

9.  Secondary:   Maximum Plasma Drug Concentration/Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (Cmax/MIC)   [ Time Frame: Day 5 (7 time points) ]
  Show Outcome Measure 9

10.  Secondary:   Pharmacokinetic Parameters: Area Under the Curve (AUC) During First 12 and 24 Hours   [ Time Frame: Day 5 (7 time points) ]
  Show Outcome Measure 10

11.  Secondary:   Area Under the Curve During First 12 or 24 Hours / Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (AUC/MIC)   [ Time Frame: Day 5 (7 time points) ]
  Show Outcome Measure 11

12.  Secondary:   Maximum Plasma Drug Concentration (Cmax)   [ Time Frame: Day 5 (7 time points) ]
  Show Outcome Measure 12

13.  Secondary:   Time to Maximum Plasma Drug Concentration (Tmax) and Half-life   [ Time Frame: Day 5 (7 time points) ]
  Show Outcome Measure 13

14.  Secondary:   Pharmacokinetic Parameters: Area Under the Curve During First 12 and 24 Hours   [ Time Frame: Day 5 (7 time points) ]
  Show Outcome Measure 14

15.  Secondary:   Maximum Plasma Drug Concentrations (Cmax), Adjusted for Free Drug Concentration   [ Time Frame: Day 5 (7 time points) ]
  Show Outcome Measure 15

16.  Secondary:   Maximum Plasma Drug Concentration/Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (Cmax/MIC) Adjusted for Free Drug Concentrations   [ Time Frame: Day 5 (7 time points) ]
  Show Outcome Measure 16

17.  Secondary:   Area Under the Curve (AUC) During First 12 and 24 Hours Adjusted for Free Drug Concentrations   [ Time Frame: Day 5 (7 time points) ]
  Show Outcome Measure 17

18.  Secondary:   Area Under the Curve (AUC) Adjusted for Free Drug Concentrations/Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)   [ Time Frame: Day 5 (7 time points) ]
  Show Outcome Measure 18

19.  Secondary:   Percent Dosing Interval Above Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)   [ Time Frame: Day 5 (7 time points) ]
  Show Outcome Measure 19

20.  Secondary:   Sputum mRNA Clearance Rate - Results Are Pending.   [ Time Frame: Study drug administration duration ]
Results not yet posted.   Anticipated Posting Date:   No text entered.   Safety Issue:   No

21.  Secondary:   Sputum Cytokine Proteins - Results Are Pending.   [ Time Frame: Study drug administration duration ]
Results not yet posted.   Anticipated Posting Date:   No text entered.   Safety Issue:   No


  Serious Adverse Events
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  Other Adverse Events
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  More Information
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Certain Agreements:  
Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study.
There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed.


Limitations and Caveats
Limitations of the study, such as early termination leading to small numbers of participants analyzed and technical problems with measurement leading to unreliable or uninterpretable data
The small sample size had limited power to detect small differences in EBA between study arms even though we enrolled patients with smear-positive TB and high sputum bacillary burden to improve chances of detecting differences between treatment arms.  


Results Point of Contact:  
Name/Title: John L. Johnson, M.D.
Organization: Case Western Reserve University, Tuberculosis Research Unit
phone: (216) 368-1949
e-mail: jlj@case.edu


Publications of Results:
Johnson JL, Hadad DJ, Boom WH, Daley CL, Peloquin CA, Eisenach KD, Jankus DD, Debanne SM, Charlebois ED, Maciel E, Palaci M, Dietze R. Early and extended early bactericidal activity of levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin in pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006 Jun;10(6):605-12.
McGee B, Dietze R, Hadad DJ, Molino LP, Maciel EL, Boom WH, Palaci M, Johnson JL, Peloquin CA. Population pharmacokinetics of linezolid in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Sep;53(9):3981-4. Epub 2009 Jun 29.
Li L, Mahan CS, Palaci M, Horter L, Loeffelholz L, Johnson JL, Dietze R, Debanne SM, Joloba ML, Okwera A, Boom WH, Eisenach KD. Sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA as a marker of bacteriologic clearance in response to antituberculosis therapy. J Clin Microbiol. 2010 Jan;48(1):46-51. Epub 2009 Nov 18.
Peloquin CA, Hadad DJ, Molino LP, Palaci M, Boom WH, Dietze R, Johnson JL. Population pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Mar;52(3):852-7. Epub 2007 Dec 10.
Dietze R, Hadad DJ, McGee B, Molino LP, Maciel EL, Peloquin CA, Johnson DF, Debanne SM, Eisenach K, Boom WH, Palaci M, Johnson JL. Early and extended early bactericidal activity of linezolid in pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Dec 1;178(11):1180-5. Epub 2008 Sep 11.


Responsible Party: Director, ORA, HHS/NIAID/DMID
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00396084     History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers: 01-553, TBRU 10
Study First Received: November 3, 2006
Results First Received: November 19, 2008
Last Updated: June 9, 2011
Health Authority: Brazil: National Committee of Ethics in Research;   United States: Federal Government;   United States: Institutional Review Board;   United States: Food and Drug Administration





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