Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm (CIN) in Women (Gardasil)(V501-015) - Study Results

Study Type:	Interventional
Study Design:	Allocation: Randomized; Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study; Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment; Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Investigator); Primary Purpose: Prevention
Conditions:	Cervical Cancer Genital Warts
Interventions:	Biological: Gardasil, human papillomavirus (type 6, 11, 16, 18) recombinant vaccine Biological: Matching Placebo

Participant Flow

Recruitment Details

Key information relevant to the recruitment process for the overall study, such as dates of the recruitment period and locations
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Pre-Assignment Details

Significant events and approaches for the overall study following participant enrollment, but prior to group assignment
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Reporting Groups

	Description
Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (Group 1)	The Vaccination Period for the base study encompassed Day 1 through Month 7, during which time study subjects in Group 1 were vaccinated (at Day 1, Month 2 and Month 6) with the Quadrivalent HPV vaccine. The Follow-up Period for the Base Study encompassed the follow-up of subjects who had received the Quadrivalent HPV vaccine; from completion of the Vaccination Period at Month 7 through Month 48 of the study.
Placebo (Group 2)	The Vaccination Period for the base study encompassed Day 1 through Month 7, during which time study subjects in Group 2 were vaccinated (at Day 1, Month 2 and Month 6) with placebo. The Follow-up Period for the Base Study encompassed the follow-up of subjects who had received placebo; from completion of the Vaccination Period at Month 7 through Month 48 of the study.
Extension Study	This group includes 581 subjects who received placebo during the base study, (Group 2-Base Study) and 13 additional subjects who were randomized to the active vaccine arm of the base study (from Group 1-Base Study), but received fewer than the full three doses of Quadrivalent HPV vaccine during the base study. Subjects designated as "Completed Period" are those who received three doses of Quadrivalent HPV vaccine and completed all required follow-up visits. Subjects designated as "Not Completed" are those who: a) Received all three vaccinations, but did not complete follow-up; b) Did not receive all vaccinations, but completed follow-up, or c) Did not receive all vaccinations, and did not complete follow-up.

Description

Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (Group 1)

The Vaccination Period for the base study encompassed Day 1 through Month 7, during which time study subjects in Group 1 were vaccinated (at Day 1, Month 2 and Month 6) with the Quadrivalent HPV vaccine.

The Follow-up Period for the Base Study encompassed the follow-up of subjects who had received the Quadrivalent HPV vaccine; from completion of the Vaccination Period at Month 7 through Month 48 of the study.

Placebo (Group 2)

The Vaccination Period for the base study encompassed Day 1 through Month 7, during which time study subjects in Group 2 were vaccinated (at Day 1, Month 2 and Month 6) with placebo.

The Follow-up Period for the Base Study encompassed the follow-up of subjects who had received placebo; from completion of the Vaccination Period at Month 7 through Month 48 of the study.

Extension Study

This group includes 581 subjects who received placebo during the base study, (Group 2-Base Study) and 13 additional subjects who were randomized to the active vaccine arm of the base study (from Group 1-Base Study), but received fewer than the full three doses of Quadrivalent HPV vaccine during the base study. Subjects designated as "Completed Period" are those who received three doses of Quadrivalent HPV vaccine and completed all required follow-up visits. Subjects designated as "Not Completed" are those who: a) Received all three vaccinations, but did not complete follow-up; b) Did not receive all vaccinations, but completed follow-up, or c) Did not receive all vaccinations, and did not complete follow-up.

Participant Flow for 3 periods

Period 1: Base Study Vaccination Period

	Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (Group 1)	Placebo (Group 2)
STARTED	6087	6080
COMPLETED	5916	5954
NOT COMPLETED	171	126
Randomized not Vaccinated	5	5
Adverse Event	3	1
Death	5	4
Lost to Follow-up	41	37
Physician Decision	1	0
Pregnancy	9	7
Protocol Violation	2	1
Withdrawal by Subject	85	58
Moved	14	12
New Medical History (Not AEs)	5	0
Travel	1	0
Site Closed	0	1

Period 2: Base Study Follow Up Period

	Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (Group 1)	Placebo (Group 2)
STARTED	5942 ^[1]	5971 ^[1]
COMPLETED	5626	5277
NOT COMPLETED	316	694
Adverse Event	2	4
Death	2	1
Lost to Follow-up	120	146
Pregnancy	6	10
Protocol Violation	1	2
Withdrawal by Subject	71	62
Moved	62	58
Travel	10	7
Site Closed	0	2
Subjects continuing	27	31
Subjects in extension	15	371

[1]	Includes subjects who did not receive 3 doses of vaccine/placebo but continued into the follow-up.

Period 3: Extension Study

	Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (Group 1)	Placebo (Group 2)	Extension Study
STARTED	0	0	594
COMPLETED	0	0	449
NOT COMPLETED	0	0	145
Lost to Follow-up	0	0	41
Physician Decision	0	0	1
Pregnancy	0	0	12
Withdrawal by Subject	0	0	18
Moved	0	0	6
Travel	0	0	2
Site Closed	0	0	21
Study Ended	0	0	29
Protocol Deviation	0	0	15

Baseline Characteristics

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Reporting Groups

	Description
Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (Group 1)	The Vaccination Period for the base study encompassed Day 1 through Month 7, during which time study subjects in Group 1 were vaccinated (at Day 1, Month 2 and Month 6) with the Quadrivalent HPV vaccine. The Follow-up Period for the Base Study encompassed the follow-up of subjects who had received the Quadrivalent HPV vaccine; from completion of the Vaccination Period at Month 7 through Month 48 of the study.
Placebo (Group 2)	The Vaccination Period for the base study encompassed Day 1 through Month 7, during which time study subjects in Group 2 were vaccinated (at Day 1, Month 2 and Month 6) with placebo. The Follow-up Period for the Base Study encompassed the follow-up of subjects who had received placebo; from completion of the Vaccination Period at Month 7 through Month 48 of the study.

Description

Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (Group 1)

The Vaccination Period for the base study encompassed Day 1 through Month 7, during which time study subjects in Group 1 were vaccinated (at Day 1, Month 2 and Month 6) with the Quadrivalent HPV vaccine.

The Follow-up Period for the Base Study encompassed the follow-up of subjects who had received the Quadrivalent HPV vaccine; from completion of the Vaccination Period at Month 7 through Month 48 of the study.

Placebo (Group 2)

The Vaccination Period for the base study encompassed Day 1 through Month 7, during which time study subjects in Group 2 were vaccinated (at Day 1, Month 2 and Month 6) with placebo.

The Follow-up Period for the Base Study encompassed the follow-up of subjects who had received placebo; from completion of the Vaccination Period at Month 7 through Month 48 of the study.

Baseline Measures

	Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (Group 1)	Placebo (Group 2)	Total
Number of Participants [units: participants]	6087	6080	12167
Age, Customized ^[1] [units: participants]
Between 15 and 26 years	6087	6080	12167
Age [units: years] Mean ± Standard Deviation	20.0 ± 2.2	19.9 ± 2.1	19.9 ± 2.1
Gender [units: participants]
Female	6087	6080	12167
Male	0	0	0
Race/Ethnicity ^[2] [units: participants]
Asian	151	135	286
Black	171	227	398
Hispanic American	555	557	1112
Native American	1	1	2
White	4584	4550	9134
Other-Unspecified	625	610	1235

[1]	Age for study subjects was recorded at the time of subject entry into the base study.
[2]	Subject race was determined at subject entry into the base study.

Outcome Measures

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1. Primary:

Tolerability; Incidence of the Composite Endpoint of HPV 16 or HPV 18 Related CIN2/3 or Invasive Cervical Carcinoma After Completion of the Vaccination Series for Relevant HPV Type [ Time Frame: Follow-up through end of study (4 years) ]

Show Outcome Measure 1

2. Secondary:

Subjects With Anti-HPV 6 Titer >/= 20 mMU/mL [ Time Frame: week 4 Postdose 3 (4 weeks after 3rd vaccine dose) ]

Show Outcome Measure 2

3. Secondary:

Subjects With Anti-HPV 11 Titer >/= 16 mMU/mL [ Time Frame: week 4 Postdose 3 ]

Show Outcome Measure 3

4. Secondary:

Subjects With Anti-HPV 16 Titer >/= 20 mMU/mL [ Time Frame: week 4 Postdose 3 ]

Show Outcome Measure 4

5. Secondary:

Subjects With Anti-HPV 18 Titer >/= 24 mMU/mL [ Time Frame: week 4 Postdose 3 ]

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Serious Adverse Events

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Other Adverse Events

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More Information

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Certain Agreements:

Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study.

There IS an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed.

The agreement is:

	The only disclosure restriction on the PI is that the sponsor can review results communications prior to public release and can embargo communications regarding trial results for a period that is less than or equal to 60 days. The sponsor cannot require changes to the communication and cannot extend the embargo.
	The only disclosure restriction on the PI is that the sponsor can review results communications prior to public release and can embargo communications regarding trial results for a period that is more than 60 days but less than or equal to 180 days. The sponsor cannot require changes to the communication and cannot extend the embargo.
	Other disclosure agreement that restricts the right of the PI to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed. Restriction Description: Merck agreements may vary with individual investigators, but will not prohibit any investigator from publishing. Merck supports the publication of results from all centers of a multi-center trial but requests that reports based on single-site data not precede the primary publication of the entire clinical trial.

Limitations and Caveats

Limitations of the study, such as early termination leading to small numbers of participants analyzed and technical problems with measurement leading to unreliable or uninterpretable data
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Results Point of Contact:

Name/Title: Executive Vice President, Clinical and Quantitative Sciences
Organization: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp
phone: 1-800-672-6372

Publications:

FUTURE II Study Group. Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 10;356(19):1915-27.

Garland SM, Steben M, Sings HL, James M, Lu S, Railkar R, Barr E, Haupt RM, Joura EA. Natural History of Genital Warts: Analysis of the Placebo Arm of 2 Randomized Phase III Trials of a Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, and 18) Vaccine. J Infect Dis. 2009 Jan 26; [Epub ahead of print]

Barr E, Gause CK, Bautista OM, Railkar RA, Lupinacci LC, Insinga RP, Sings HL, Haupt RM. Impact of a prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine in a sexually active population of North American women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Mar;198(3):261.e1-11.

Joura EA, Leodolter S, Hernandez-Avila M, Wheeler CM, Perez G, Koutsky LA, Garland SM, Harper DM, Tang GW, Ferris DG, Steben M, Jones RW, Bryan J, Taddeo FJ, Bautista OM, Esser MT, Sings HL, Nelson M, Boslego JW, Sattler C, Barr E, Paavonen J. Efficacy of a quadrivalent prophylactic human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like-particle vaccine against high-grade vulval and vaginal lesions: a combined analysis of three randomised clinical trials. Lancet. 2007 May 19;369(9574):1693-702.

Perez G, Lazcano-Ponce E, Hernandez-Avila M, García PJ, Muñoz N, Villa LL, Bryan J, Taddeo FJ, Lu S, Esser MT, Vuocolo S, Sattler C, Barr E. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) L1 virus-like-particle vaccine in Latin American women. Int J Cancer. 2008 Mar 15;122(6):1311-8.

FUTURE II Study Group. Prophylactic efficacy of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in women with virological evidence of HPV infection. J Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 15;196(10):1438-46. Epub 2007 Oct 31.

Ault KA; Future II Study Group. Effect of prophylactic human papillomavirus L1 virus-like-particle vaccine on risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, grade 3, and adenocarcinoma in situ: a combined analysis of four randomised clinical trials. Lancet. 2007 Jun 2;369(9576):1861-8.

Giuliano AR, Lazcano-Ponce E, Villa L, Nolan T, Marchant C, Radley D, Golm G, McCarroll K, Yu J, Esser MT, Vuocolo SC, Barr E. Impact of baseline covariates on the immunogenicity of a quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) human papillomavirus virus-like-particle vaccine. J Infect Dis. 2007 Oct 15;196(8):1153-62. Epub 2007 Sep 17.

Garland SM, Insinga RP, Sings HL, Haupt RM, Joura EA. Human papillomavirus infections and vulvar disease development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Jun;18(6):1777-84.

Skjeldestad FE, Mehta V, Sings HL, Øvreness T, Turpin J, Su L, Boerckel P, Roberts C, Bryan J, Jansen KU, Esser MT, Liaw KL. Seroprevalence and genital DNA prevalence of HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 in a cohort of young Norwegian women: study design and cohort characteristics. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008;87(1):81-8.

Publications automatically indexed to this study:

Haupt RM, Wheeler CM, Brown DR, Garland SM, Ferris DG, Paavonen JA, Lehtinen MO, Steben M, Joura EA, Giacoletti KE, Radley DR, James MK, Saah AJ, Sings HL; FUTURE I and II Investigators. Impact of an HPV6/11/16/18 L1 virus-like particle vaccine on progression to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in seropositive women with HPV16/18 infection. Int J Cancer. 2011 Dec 1;129(11):2632-42. Epub 2011 Apr 13.

Lehtinen M, Ault KA, Lyytikainen E, Dillner J, Garland SM, Ferris DG, Koutsky LA, Sings HL, Lu S, Haupt RM, Paavonen J; FUTURE I and II Study Group. Chlamydia trachomatis infection and risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Sex Transm Infect. 2011 Aug;87(5):372-6. Epub 2011 Apr 6.

Ault KA, Joura EA, Kjaer SK, Iversen OE, Wheeler CM, Perez G, Brown DR, Koutsky LA, Garland SM, Olsson SE, Tang GW, Ferris DG, Paavonen J, Steben M, Bosch FX, Majewski S, Muñoz N, Sings HL, Harkins K, Rutkowski MA, Haupt RM, Garner EI; FUTURE I and II Study Group. Adenocarcinoma in situ and associated human papillomavirus type distribution observed in two clinical trials of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine. Int J Cancer. 2011 Mar 15;128(6):1344-53. Epub 2011 Jan 12.

FUTURE I/II Study Group; Dillner J, Kjaer SK, Wheeler CM, Sigurdsson K, Iversen OE, Hernandez-Avila M, Perez G, Brown DR, Koutsky LA, Tay EH, García P, Ault KA, Garland SM, Leodolter S, Olsson SE, Tang GW, Ferris DG, Paavonen J, Lehtinen M, Steben M, Bosch FX, Joura EA, Majewski S, Muñoz N, Myers ER, Villa LL, Taddeo FJ, Roberts C, Tadesse A, Bryan JT, Maansson R, Lu S, Vuocolo S, Hesley TM, Barr E, Haupt R. Four year efficacy of prophylactic human papillomavirus quadrivalent vaccine against low grade cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia and anogenital warts: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2010 Jul 20;341:c3493.

Garland SM, Ault KA, Gall SA, Paavonen J, Sings HL, Ciprero KL, Saah A, Marino D, Ryan D, Radley D, Zhou H, Haupt RM, Garner EI; Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Phase III Investigators. Pregnancy and infant outcomes in the clinical trials of a human papillomavirus type 6/11/16/18 vaccine: a combined analysis of five randomized controlled trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Dec;114(6):1179-88.

Majewski S, Bosch FX, Dillner J, Iversen OE, Kjaer SK, Muñoz N, Olsson SE, Paavonen J, Sigurdsson K, Bryan J, Esser MT, Giacoletti K, James M, Taddeo F, Vuocolo S, Barr E. The impact of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) virus-like particle vaccine in European women aged 16 to 24. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009 Oct;23(10):1147-55. Epub 2009 Apr 23.

Brown DR, Kjaer SK, Sigurdsson K, Iversen OE, Hernandez-Avila M, Wheeler CM, Perez G, Koutsky LA, Tay EH, Garcia P, Ault KA, Garland SM, Leodolter S, Olsson SE, Tang GW, Ferris DG, Paavonen J, Steben M, Bosch FX, Dillner J, Joura EA, Kurman RJ, Majewski S, Muñoz N, Myers ER, Villa LL, Taddeo FJ, Roberts C, Tadesse A, Bryan J, Lupinacci LC, Giacoletti KE, Sings HL, James M, Hesley TM, Barr E. The impact of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV; types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine on infection and disease due to oncogenic nonvaccine HPV types in generally HPV-naive women aged 16-26 years. J Infect Dis. 2009 Apr 1;199(7):926-35.

Wheeler CM, Kjaer SK, Sigurdsson K, Iversen OE, Hernandez-Avila M, Perez G, Brown DR, Koutsky LA, Tay EH, García P, Ault KA, Garland SM, Leodolter S, Olsson SE, Tang GW, Ferris DG, Paavonen J, Steben M, Bosch FX, Dillner J, Joura EA, Kurman RJ, Majewski S, Muñoz N, Myers ER, Villa LL, Taddeo FJ, Roberts C, Tadesse A, Bryan J, Lupinacci LC, Giacoletti KE, James M, Vuocolo S, Hesley TM, Barr E. The impact of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV; types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine on infection and disease due to oncogenic nonvaccine HPV types in sexually active women aged 16-26 years. J Infect Dis. 2009 Apr 1;199(7):936-44.

Responsible Party:	Merck
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT00092534 History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers:	2004_082, V501-015
Study First Received:	September 23, 2004
Results First Received:	July 20, 2009
Last Updated:	January 4, 2012
Health Authority:	United States: Food and Drug Administration