Study of the Potential of a Macronutrient Balanced Normocaloric Diet to Treat Lifestyle Diseases

One of today's major health problem in the western world is related to lifestyle. Lifestyle diseases include obesity, T2D (type 2 diabetes), cardiovascular diseases and different types of cancers. For many years, a low-fat diet has been recommended to reduce obesity and lifestyle diseases, but by replacing fat with carbohydrates has lead to an increase of these diseases. Overweight is associated with a cronical low-degree inflammation, and later studies has shown that carbohydrates has an effect on the mecanisms of inflammation. Previous studies in the investigators group has shown that in healthy, but slightly overweight persons, a balanced diet of lower carbohydrate content regulates the gene expression in a manner that leads to less inflammation. In this study the investigators will look at morbid obese women (BMI>35) to see if the same, balanced diet can improve the inflammatory profile of the women.

The hypothesis of this proposal is that a carbohydrate-rich diet may cause a major deregulation of hormonal balance, causing both acute and chronic systemic inflammatory reactions mediated by white blood cells. We furthermore postulate that a carbohydrate-rich diet is an underexplored major risk factor in the development of obesity and life style diseases directly resulting from chronic systemic inflammation. We therefore want to use an integrated multidisciplinary systems biology approach to identify the hormones, genes and pathways specifically responding to a dietary carbohydrate reduction, to develop biomarkers that can be used for risk assessment, to identify molecular pathways and build mathematical models that describe the link between diet and inflammation, and use this knowledge to provide personalised dietary advice.

• Obesity
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
• Cardiovascular Diseases

• Dietary Supplement: Diet A
  3 days, 6 meals a day
  Other Names:

  • Diet intervention
  • Obesity
• Dietary Supplement: Diet B
  10 days, 6 meals a day
  Other Name: Low carbohydrate diet

• Diet A: High-fat diet
  Diet given for 3 days to "reset" all of the participants
  Intervention: Dietary Supplement: Diet A
• Active Comparator: Diet B: A carbohydrate-restricted diet
  The diet will be given for 10 days, 6 meals a day
  Intervention: Dietary Supplement: Diet B

Inclusion Criteria:

• BMI > 35 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

• Allergies (fish, nuts, eggs)
• Patient under treatment/using medicine that can influence results
• Pregnancy and lactation