Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) and Mobilization of Progenitor Cells in Peripheral Arterial Disease (GPAD-2)

Peripheral arterial disease is a common condition in older adults involving poor arterial circulation in the legs leading to leg pain and debility. The body's own circulating blood vessel stem cells may help to improve circulation. This study will test whether treatment with the drug granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) will improve symptoms and signs of peripheral arterial disease over placebo after four weeks of therapy. As well this study will examine whether improvements in blood vessel function can be observed. Finally, we will measure blood vessel function and stem cell levels in order to determine whether they can help to predict whether patients wither peripheral arterial disease will suffer further cardiovascular complications.

• Drug: Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor
  80 subjects will be randomized to receive GM-CSF Monday, Wednesday and Friday for 4 weeks of therapy.
  Other Name: GM-CSF, Leukine
• Drug: Placebo
  80 subjects will be randomized to receive placebo on Monday, Wednesday and Friday for 4 weeks.

• Experimental: GM-CSF
  Intervention: Drug: Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor
• Placebo Comparator: Placebo
  80 patients will receive placebo on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for 4 weeks.
  Intervention: Drug: Placebo

Inclusion Criteria:

• 160 males or post-menopausal females between 21 and 80 years of age. Female subjects must be (a) post-menopausal, (b) surgically sterile or (c) use adequate birth control and have a negative pregnancy test within 3 days prior to administration of study drug and should not be breastfeeding.
• Documented PAD (By Ankle-Brachial Indices or Angiographically)
• Clinically stable (at least 2 months) history of intermittent claudication with no change in symptom severity in the 2 months prior to screening.
• On stable statin therapy for previous 3 months.
• Peak Walking Time (PWT) between 1 and 12 minutes on a standardized Gardner treadmill protocol.
• A Doppler-derived ankle-brachial index (ABI) of < 0.85 in the symptomatic limb after 10 minutes of rest at screening. For subjects with an ABI of >1.3 (non-compressible arteries) a Toe-Brachial Index (TBI) of < 0.70 must be obtained for subject qualification, or if ABI is > 0.85 to 1.0 , and a reduction of 20% in ABI measured within 1 minute of treadmill testing.
• On appropriate and stable medical therapy for atherosclerosis for at least 2 months.
• Able to give informed consent.
• Diabetics with a dilated eye exam excluding proliferative retinopathy in the previous 12 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Recent or current active infections (treated with antibiotics).
• Recent (3 months) change in statin therapy
• Critical limb ischemia either chronic (category 3 and 4 of SVS classification) or acute ischemia manifested by rest pain, ulceration, or gangrene.
• Lower extremity vascular surgery, angioplasty or lumbar sympathectomy within 3 months of enrollment.
• Participation in a structured exercise treatment protocol within 3 months of enrollment.
• Prior myeloid cancer.
• Unstable angina, myocardial infarction, TIA, stroke or revascularization in the preceding 4 months.
• Severe heart failure (Class III or IV), heart muscle disease or atrial fibrillation.
• Limitation on exercise for symptoms other than intermittent claudication such as arthritis or dyspnea.
• Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (defined as HbA1c > 10.0).
• Chronic renal disease (creatinine of >2.5 mg/dl) or hepatic disease (> 3 X elevations in AST and ALT).
• Ophthalmologic conditions associated with a neo-vascular response.
• Alcohol or drug abuse, or any other disease process that, in the opinion of the PI, will interfere with the ability of the patient to participate in the study.