Effectiveness of Family Group Interventions for People With Schizophrenia (MSG)

• families' perceived social support [ Time Frame: at recruitment, six-month, 18-month and 36-month post-intervention ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• patients' symptom severity [ Time Frame: at recruitment, six-month, 18-month and 36-month post-intervention ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

The mutual support group intervention would significantly improve the families' burden of care, functioning and social support, reduce the patients' severity of symptoms and re-hospitalizations, and reduce the demands for utilization of family services, when compared with the standard care group.

Family interventions in schizophrenia have shown positive effects on patients but little attention has been paid to their effects on family members, particularly those in non-Western countries. This multi-site randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of a bi-weekly, 12-session, family-led mutual support group for Chinese caregivers of schizophrenia sufferers over 36 months, compared with a family psychoeducation group program and standard psychiatric care. It was conducted with 114 families of outpatients with schizophrenia in Hong Kong of whom 38 were assigned randomly to a mutual support group, a psychoeducation group, or standard care. Families' psychosocial health status and patients' symptom severity and length of re-hospitalizations at recruitment, one-month, 18-month, and 36-month post-intervention were compared between groups.

• Behavioral: mutual support group
  bi-weekly, 12-session, family-led mutual support group
  Other Name: FMSG
• Behavioral: psychoeducation group
  bi-weekly, 12-session, family psychoeducation group
  Other Name: FPGP
• Other: Standard care
  Routine mental health care services provided by the outpatient clinic and related agencies for families of people with schizophrenia
  Other Name: Usual psychiatric care

• standard care
  Families receive routine community and family mental health care services
  Intervention: Other: Standard care
• Experimental: mutual support group
  bi-weekly, 12-session, family-led mutual support group
  Intervention: Behavioral: mutual support group
• Active Comparator: psychoeducation group
  bi-weekly, 12-session, family psychoeducation group program
  Intervention: Behavioral: psychoeducation group

Inclusion Criteria:

• family caregivers lived with and cared for one family member diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994)
• family caregivers were at least 18 years of age and could understand and read the Chinese (Mandarin) language; and
• family caregivers were free from any mental illness themselves.

Exclusion Criteria:

• the patients with schizophrenia suffered no co-morbidity due to other mental illness during recruitment to the study
• family caregivers cared for more than one family member with mental or chronic physical illness; and/or
• family caregivers had been the primary carers for less than three months