Prevention of Permanent Obesity in Children

In the county of Oppland, Norway, questionnaires addressing physical and mental health and socioeconomic status is issued to all (1960) families who meet for the pre-school assessment at the public health clinics in 2007. Particularly growth, physical activity and diet is addressed.

Families who have children with a BMI >18.9, which corresponds to BMI>30, and living in selected municipalities in the county are invited to participate in a 5 year intervention program in order to avoid future overweight conditions in children. Similarly overweight children from the rest of the county serve as controls.

Background: Intervention programs to limit or reduce weight in severely obese adults and adolescents are rarely successful. In the present study intervention is aimed at moderately overweight children of 6 years.

Families in 7 municipalities who have children with BMI >18.9 are invited to a group-based family oriented program involving pediatricians, physiotherapists, dieticians, psychologists and nurses with special training. The families are invited to meet in groups times the first year, two times the second and one time the third year. According to personal interest the families are also invited to meet with the nurse between each of the the above gatherings.

The children are examined by a pediatrician before entry and after 1, 2, 3 and 5 years with specific focus on height and weight. No blood studies are routinely done.

BMI development will be related to BMIs in the family, mother's weight increase in pregnancy, socioeconomic background, general health, psychological factors scored through the Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire, and compliance with the program. Furthermore, the results are compared to similarly overweight children from the counties who are not invited to participate in the intervention program. The results are obtained through the routine health follow-up programs in school.

• Overweight
• Obesity
• Child

• Experimental: Life style counseling
  Group intervention for parents with advice on diet, exercise and other life style behavior
  Intervention: Behavioral: parental counseling
• No Intervention: No contact
  No contact other than recording of weight and BMI development

Inclusion Criteria:

• BMI > 18.9
• Age 5-7 years
• Residing in Oppland county

Exclusion criteria:

• chronic disease