Comparison of Antipsychotics for Metabolic Problems in Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder (CAMP)

The study will compare the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications for patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder for whom a medication change may be indicated because of an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Metabolic abnormalities associated with cardiovascular morbidity and premature mortality are more common in patients with schizophrenia than in matched controls. Although there is some evidence that patients with schizophrenia have intrinsic abnormalities in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, some antipsychotics (i.e., clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone) are associated with increased rates of metabolic abnormalities that predispose patients to cardiovascular disease.

This is an investigator-initiated clinical trial that will be conducted at 30 research sites that are a part of the NIMH Schizophrenia Trials Network.

The aims of the study are to (1) determine the relative effects of switching to aripiprazole, versus continued treatment with olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone, on metabolic parameters associated with cardiovascular disease, and (2) to determine the effects of switching to aripiprazole versus continued treatment with olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone on the clinical stability of schizophrenic illness.

This study design is a multi-site, single-blind (rater) randomized controlled trial of 300 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder comparing treatment with the following medications: olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and aripiprazole. The study will enroll patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder for whom a medication change may be indicated because of an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in spite of adequate control of symptoms on their current antipsychotic medication. Patients who are taking olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone and who have a body-mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 27 and non-HDL cholesterol greater than or equal to 130 mg/dl will be eligible (if non-HDL is between 130-139mg/dL, LDL cholesterol must be greater than 100mg/dL). All treatments will be open label. Raters will be blinded to treatment assignment. Patients will be followed for up to 6 months.

• Schizophrenia
• Schizoaffective Disorder

• Drug: Risperidone
  Continued treatment with the medication risperidone for schizophrenia for up to 6 months in study
  Other Name: Risperdal
• Drug: Olanzapine
  Continued treatment with the medication olanzapine for schizophrenia for up to 6 months in study
  Other Name: Zyprexa
• Drug: Quetiapine
  Continued treatment with the medication quetiapine for schizophrenia for up to 6 months in study
  Other Name: Seroquel
• Drug: Aripiprazole
  Switching medication to aripiprazole for schizophrenia for up to 6 months in study
  Other Name: Abilify

• Experimental: 1
  Participants will switch to aripiprazole with a cross-titration from the current antipsychotic over 3-4 weeks. Allowed final dosage range for aripiprazole was 5-30 mg/day
  Intervention: Drug: Aripiprazole
• Active Comparator: 2
  Participants will continue with their current antipsychotic treatment, either olanzapine 5-20 mg/day, quetiapine 200-1200 mg/day, or risperidone 1-16 mg/day.
  Interventions:

  • Drug: Risperidone
  • Drug: Olanzapine
  • Drug: Quetiapine

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
• Currently treated with olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone
• BMI greater than or equal to 27
• Non-HDL cholesterol greater than or equal to 130 mg/dL (if non-HDL cholesterol is between 130 - 139 mg/dL, then LDL cholesterol must be greater than 100 mg/dL).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diabetes (FBS greater than or equal to 126) or treatment with oral hypoglycemic drug or insulin
• Non-HDL cholesterol greater than 300 mg/dL
• Serum triglycerides greater than 500 mg/dL
• Patients in the first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
• Known hypersensitivity to aripiprazole
• On weight loss medications