• Schizophrenia symptom severity
• Depression, anxiety, and quality of life
• Family functioning
• Cultural identity
• Coping styles
• Religiosity
• Alcohol and drug use
• Knowledge and attitudes about schizophrenia (all measured post-treatment and at Months 6 and 12)

• Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress [ Time Frame: Measured immediately post-treatment and at Months 6 and 12 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Family functioning [ Time Frame: Measured immediately post-treatment and at Months 6 and 12 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Cultural Identity [ Time Frame: Measured immediately post-treatment and at Months 6 and 12 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Coping styles [ Time Frame: Measured immediately post-treatment and at Months 6 and 12 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Religiosity/Spirituality [ Time Frame: Measured immediately post-treatment and at Months 6 and 12 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Alcohol and Drug Use [ Time Frame: Measured immediately post-treatment and at Months 6 and 12 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Knowledge and knowledge about schizophrenia [ Time Frame: Measured immediately post-treatment and at Months 6 and 12 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a culturally based family therapy intervention in improving treatment outcome in people with schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a disabling mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. People with schizophrenia frequently experience hallucinations, delusions, disordered thinking, movement disorders, emotional numbness, social withdrawal, and cognitive deficits. These symptoms can hinder a person's ability to perform everyday functions, such as hold a job and maintain normal social relationships. When combined with medication, family-oriented therapy interventions have been beneficial for people with schizophrenia. There are few programs, however, that are tailored to the needs of minorities. With the rising number of minority populations in the U.S., it is important to develop psychotherapy interventions that are designed specifically for these groups. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a culturally based family therapy intervention in improving treatment outcome in people with schizophrenia.

Participants in this 12-month, open label study will first attend a 2-hour screening visit, at which information will be gathered regarding coping styles, spirituality, and expressed emotion. Participants will then be randomly assigned to receive either culturally based therapy or treatment as usual. Although the culturally based therapy will be tailored to the needs and values of Hispanics, people who are not Hispanic will not be excluded. The culturally based therapy will entail 15 weekly therapy sessions, which will focus on family unity, psychoeducation, spirituality, communication skills, and problem-solving. The group receiving treatment as usual will attend 3 weekly psychoeducation sessions that will focus on informing participants about schizophrenia. Outcomes for both groups will be assessed upon completion of treatment and at follow-up visits at Months 6 and 12.

• Behavioral: Culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia (CIT-S)
• Behavioral: Psychoeducation treatment as usual

• Experimental: Participants will receive a 15-week family therapy
• Active Comparator: Participants will receive a 3-week family therapy (treatment as usual)

Inclusion Criteria:

For participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder:

• Diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
• Currently taking medication
• 18 or older

For all participants:

• Two or more family members, including patient, are available for participation (therapy can be conducted if patient is not available, as long as two other family members are interested in participating)
• Family members must be at least 13 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

• N/A