Group Intervention for Interpersonal Trauma

• PTSD checklist [ Time Frame: Measured at baseline, Week 12, and Month 6 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Hamilton Depression Inventory [ Time Frame: Measured at baseline, Week 12, and Month 6 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

• Measured at Months 4 and 8: PTSD checklist
• Hamilton Depression Inventory

• Inventory of Interpersonal Problems [ Time Frame: Measured at baseline, Week 12, and Month 6 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Health care utilization [ Time Frame: Measured at baseline, Week 12, and Month 6 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

• Measured at Months 4 and 8: Inventory of Interpersonal Problems
• Health care utilization

This study will assess the acceptability and effectiveness of a six-session, modular, repeating group for low-income women who have symptoms of depression and/or post-traumatic stress disorder following interpersonal trauma exposure.

The aim of this study is to assess the acceptability and effectiveness of a six-session, modular, repeating group for low-income women who have symptoms of depression and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following interpersonal trauma exposure. Group participants will be recruited from public sector/safety net primary care clinics. Study participants will be randomized to immediate or delayed treatment. Participants in both conditions will receive information about PTSD and depression, in the form of a brochures and a DVD about trauma and its emotional consequences. Groups will be comprised of three components at each meeting: psycho-education, current relationship issues, and coping skills. Each group session will focus on a different aspect of education. Next, relationship difficulties typically associated with the symptoms discussed in that module will be addressed, and there will be group discussion about participants' relationship difficulties. Each group will end with the therapist teaching a coping skill that fits with the issues discussed earlier. Participants will be free to attend any of the sessions they missed during the first group when the group repeats. Participants in the delayed condition will be able to attend the groups after a 12-week waiting period. Assessments of PTSD, depression, functioning, and quality of life will be conducted at three time points: baseline (prior to the start of the group), 12 weeks after the start of the group, and 6 months from the start of the group. Gift cards will be sent to the women for completing each of the assessments.

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
• Depression

• Behavioral: Group Intervention for Interpersonal Trauma
  Participants will receive information about PTSD and depression, in the form of a brochures and a DVD about trauma and its emotional consequences. Groups will be comprised of three components at each meeting: psycho-education, current relationship issues, and coping skills. Each group session will focus on a different aspect of education. Next, relationship difficulties typically associated with the symptoms discussed in that module will be addressed, and there will be group discussion about participants' relationship difficulties. Each group will end with the therapist teaching a coping skill that fits with the issues discussed earlier.
• Other: Information only
  Participants will receive information about PTSD and depression, in the form of a brochures and a DVD about trauma and its emotional consequences.

• Experimental: Group therapy
  Participants will receive interpersonal group therapy.
  Intervention: Behavioral: Group Intervention for Interpersonal Trauma
• Active Comparator: Control
  Participants will receive information only on PTSD.
  Intervention: Other: Information only

Inclusion Criteria:

• Exposure to an interpersonal traumatic event
• Diagnosis of depression or PTSD (threshold or subthreshold)
• Functional literacy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Apparent incoherence or disorientation
• Apparent intoxication at recruitment
• Hearing impairment