Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Early-Onset Depression

• Diagnosis on structured interview [ Time Frame: pre and post-intervention ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Children's Depression Inventory score [ Time Frame: pre- and post-intervention ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

• Diagnosis on structured interview
• Children's Depression Inventory score

• Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children [ Time Frame: pre- and post-intervention ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Children's Global Assessment Scale [ Time Frame: pre- and post-intervention ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Brief Family Assessment Measure [ Time Frame: pre- and post-intervention ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• Perceived Competence Scale for Children [ Time Frame: pre- and post-intervention ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

• Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children
• Children's Global Assessment Scale
• Brief Family Assessment Measure
• Perceived Competence Scale for Children

Depression is a debilitating illness affecting large numbers of young people. In this study, children and adolescents ages 10 to 17 meeting criteria for clinical depression will participate in a 15-session group therapy (cognitive behavioral therapy or CBT) that teaches strategies for overcoming depressed mood. For half the participants, their parents will also participate in a parent group. By studying the role of parental involvement, we hope to develop more effective treatments for depressed children and teens in the future.

Depression is a debilitating illness affecting large numbers of young people. Psychotherapy approaches have shown some promise in teens, but few studies have examined these interventions when offered in a group format. The role of parents in treatment outcome has also received little attention.

In this study, children and adolescents ages 10 to 17 meeting criteria for clinical depression will participate in a 15-session group therapy (cognitive behavioral therapy or CBT) that teaches strategies for overcoming depressed mood. For half the participants, their parents will also participate in a parent group to help them better manage their depressed children and teens. We will randomly assign children to CBT with or without parental involvement. We hope to show that involving parents results in additional improvements in the children. We will also study factors that predict which children do best in treatment, and maintenance of gains at 6 month and 1 year follow-up. These findings will allow us to provide more effective treatments to depressed children and teens in the future.

• Major Depressive Disorder
• Dysthymic Disorder

• Birmaher B, Ryan ND, Williamson DE, Brent DA, Kaufman J, Dahl RE, Perel J, Nelson B. Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years. Part I. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996 Nov;35(11):1427-39. Review.
• Birmaher B, Ryan ND, Williamson DE, Brent DA, Kaufman J. Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years. Part II. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996 Dec;35(12):1575-83. Review.
• Birmaher B, Brent DA, Kolko D, Baugher M, Bridge J, Holder D, Iyengar S, Ulloa RE. Clinical outcome after short-term psychotherapy for adolescents with major depressive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000 Jan;57(1):29-36.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children and adolescents meeting DSM-IV criteria for either Major Depression or Dysthymic Disorder.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Psychotic,
• Actively suicidal,
• IQ less than 80,
• Unable to speak English