• To examine the relationship between baseline characteristics and outcome [ Time Frame: Longitudinal database currently funded through 3/31/2011 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
• To provide data for hypothesis formulation and sample size calculation for Network multi-center studies [ Time Frame: Longitudinal database currently funded through 3/31/2011 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

The NICHD Neonatal Research Network's Follow-Up study is a multi-center cohort in which surviving extremely low birth-weight infants born in participating network centers receive neurodevelopmental, neurosensory and functional assessments at 18-22 months corrected age. Data regarding pregnancy and neonatal outcome are collected prospectively. The goal is to identify potential maternal and neonatal risk factors that may affect infant neurodevelopment.

The NICHD Neonatal Research Network's Follow-Up study is a multi-center cohort study in which surviving extremely low birth-weight infants undergo neurodevelopmental, neurosensory and functional assessments at 18-22 months corrected age. The goal of the study is to identify potential maternal and neonatal risk factors that may affect infant neurodevelopment, including:

• Evaluating development of motor skills, cognitive skills, language and behavior
• Determining mortality and the prevalence of specific medical conditions in ELBW infants
• Assessing the relationship between growth and neurodevelopmental outcome
• Assessing the relationship between the socioeconomic status and developmental outcome
• Identifying significant family stress in this population and compliance with medical and developmental care
• Assessing the use of special support services and early intervention programs by this population
• Evaluating the need for follow-up at school age.

The scheduled evaluations collect: demographic information; socioeconomic status; medical history; medications; medical equipment required; growth data; a detailed neurologic examination; Bayley Scales of Infant Development (mental, motor, infant behavior); Family Resource Scale; Stein Functional Status II Measure and the Stein Impact on the Family Scale.

• Infant, Newborn
• Infant, Low Birth Weight
• Infant, Small for Gestational Age
• Infant, Premature

• Walsh MC, Morris BH, Wrage LA, Vohr BR, Poole WK, Tyson JE, Wright LL, Ehrenkranz RA, Stoll BJ, Fanaroff AA; National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Extremely low birthweight neonates with protracted ventilation: mortality and 18-month neurodevelopmental outcomes. J Pediatr. 2005 Jun;146(6):798-804.
• Hintz SR, Kendrick DE, Vohr BR, Poole WK, Higgins RD; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Changes in neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age among infants of less than 25 weeks' gestational age born in 1993-1999. Pediatrics. 2005 Jun;115(6):1645-51.
• Hintz SR, Kendrick DE, Stoll BJ, Vohr BR, Fanaroff AA, Donovan EF, Poole WK, Blakely ML, Wright L, Higgins R; NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants after necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics. 2005 Mar;115(3):696-703.
• Laptook AR, O'Shea TM, Shankaran S, Bhaskar B; NICHD Neonatal Network. Adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely low birth weight infants with a normal head ultrasound: prevalence and antecedents. Pediatrics. 2005 Mar;115(3):673-80.
• Hintz SR, Poole WK, Wright LL, Fanaroff AA, Kendrick DE, Laptook AR, Goldberg R, Duara S, Stoll BJ, Oh W; NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Changes in mortality and morbidities among infants born at less than 25 weeks during the post-surfactant era. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005 Mar;90(2):F128-33.
• Ambalavanan N, Tyson JE, Kennedy KA, Hansen NI, Vohr BR, Wright LL, Carlo WA; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Vitamin A supplementation for extremely low birth weight infants: outcome at 18 to 22 months. Pediatrics. 2005 Mar;115(3):e249-54. Epub 2005 Feb 15.
• Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Adams-Chapman I, Fanaroff AA, Hintz SR, Vohr B, Higgins RD; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Neurodevelopmental and growth impairment among extremely low-birth-weight infants with neonatal infection. JAMA. 2004 Nov 17;292(19):2357-65.
• Ohls RK, Ehrenkranz RA, Das A, Dusick AM, Yolton K, Romano E, Delaney-Black V, Papile LA, Simon NP, Steichen JJ, Lee KG; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Neurodevelopmental outcome and growth at 18 to 22 months' corrected age in extremely low birth weight infants treated with early erythropoietin and iron. Pediatrics. 2004 Nov;114(5):1287-91.
• Castro L, Yolton K, Haberman B, Roberto N, Hansen NI, Ambalavanan N, Vohr BR, Donovan EF. Bias in reported neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely low birth weight survivors. Pediatrics. 2004 Aug;114(2):404-10.
• Vohr BR, Wright LL, Dusick AM, Perritt R, Poole WK, Tyson JE, Steichen JJ, Bauer CR, Wilson-Costello DE, Mayes LC; Neonatal Research Network. Center differences and outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2004 Apr;113(4):781-9.
• Oh W, Tyson JE, Fanaroff AA, Vohr BR, Perritt R, Stoll BJ, Ehrenkranz RA, Carlo WA, Shankaran S, Poole K, Wright LL; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Association between peak serum bilirubin and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2003 Oct;112(4):773-9.
• Wadhawan R, Vohr BR, Fanaroff AA, Perritt RL, Duara S, Stoll BJ, Goldberg R, Laptook A, Poole K, Wright LL, Oh W. Does labor influence neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely-low-birth-weight infants who are born by cesarean delivery? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Aug;189(2):501-6.
• Vohr BR, O'Shea M, Wright LL. Longitudinal multicenter follow-up of high-risk infants: why, who, when, and what to assess. Semin Perinatol. 2003 Aug;27(4):333-42. Review.
• Dusick AM, Poindexter BB, Ehrenkranz RA, Lemons JA. Growth failure in the preterm infant: can we catch up? Semin Perinatol. 2003 Aug;27(4):302-10. Review.
• Tyson JE, Parikh NA, Langer J, Green C, Higgins RD; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Intensive care for extreme prematurity--moving beyond gestational age. N Engl J Med. 2008 Apr 17;358(16):1672-81.

• Infants inborn at NRN centers
• 401-1,000 grams birth weight, and/or 22 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks (<29 weeks) gestational age
• Infants enrolled in one or more additional NICHD NRN Follow-up studies. For infants that do not meet the inclusion criteria above, inclusion and exclusion criteria are determined by the criteria for the additional trial(s). In these cases, infants that are larger than 1,000 grams and/or older than 29 weeks may be included in the FU Study.

Note: These inclusion criteria were changed as of 1/1/2008. Prior to this date, infants with birth weights between 401 and 1500 grams who were admitted to NRN NICUs within 14 days of birth were included in the database.