Resilience Promotion in Teens With Type 1 Diabetes: Preventing Negative Outcomes

Inclusion Criteria:

Study participants will meet the following inclusion criteria:

• 14-18 years old,
• diagnosis of T1D according to ADA criteria for at least 1 year,
• daily insulin dosing of at least 0.5 units per kilogram per day,
• fluent in English, and
• provide assent to participate.

Exclusion Criteria:

• other chronic, physical disease or condition except for celiac or thyroid disease,
• diagnosis of major depressive disorder determined at screening visit,
• current treatment with an antidepressant,
• diagnosis of major mental disorder (e.g., bipolar disorder, thought disorder, anorexia nervosa),
• diagnosis of developmental disorder (e.g., mental retardation, autism, asperger's), or ward of the state.

Adolescents must have established T1D, uncomplicated by other chronic diseases so any observed changes in glycemic control during the study cannot be attributed to other diseases or to endogenous insulin production seen in the 'honeymoon' period.28 Adolescents cannot have a diagnosis of major depressive disorder because that diagnosis warrants more intensive intervention. Further, adolescents cannot be on antidepressant medication treatment at the time they start the trial because it may impact psychological outcomes and cause unmeasured treatment effects. Finally, adolescents need to be without developmental or learning problems as that may make participation difficult, especially in a group format.