Prospective Follow-up of a Cohort of Pre-diabetics in the North of France (DiabeNord)

• Type 2 Diabetes occurrence [ Time Frame: 5 years (or less if occurrence of the condition) ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  To understand the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in switching from pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes and to identify new biomarkers of type 2 diabetes risk in this population
  
  

• Biomarkers [ Time Frame: 7 to 10 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  To highlight biomarkers of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases, through genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics analyses performed on a biological sample collection.
  
  
• Number of patients with pre-diabetes in North of France [ Time Frame: 5 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  To estimate the prevalence of prediabetes in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France)
  
  
• HbA1c measurement [ Time Frame: 5 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  To evaluate the role of HbA1c in screening for pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes
  
  
• Diabetes Risk Score [ Time Frame: 5 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  To assess the interest of Diabetes Risk Score (questionnaire used to evaluate a clinical risk) in identifying subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes
  
  
• Others cardiovascular risk factors [ Time Frame: 5 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  To measure the prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors observed along with prediabetes: dyslipidemia, metabolic hepatopathy
  
  

Other: Prediabetes screening and prospective follow-up over 5 years

The study period per patient is 5 years. The planned schedule of the study is as follows :

• Enrollment at visit V0 of subjects at high metabolic risk, based on a biological value (within the past 2 months) of moderate fasting hyperglycaemia (blood glucose ≥ 1,10 g/l and < 1,26 g/l) or fasting blood glucose ≥ 1 g/l and < 1,10 g/l with HbA1c ≥ 6,5%.
• First biological sample (B0) within 1 month following V0 (measuring fasting blood glucose + glycated hemoglobin HbA1c + lipid profile + creatinemia + liver function; and establishment of a biological sample collection to identify biomarkers).
• Annual follow-up for five years consisting in one blood sample (B1 to B5) measuring the same parameters as V0 + biological sample collection, and questionnaire on major health events or health events related to study procedures.
• End of study visit

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a real public health issue, with an exponential incidence. Before its diagnosis, several physiopathological changes are already taking place, such as insulin resistance of target tissues and the progressive inability of pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin. The objective of this study is a better understanding of the prediabetic stage and mechanisms involved in the possible development of T2D, by way of a five-year follow-up cohort study in 207 prediabetic subjects.