Characterization of Influenza-like Illness in Mexico

• Characterize individuals who develop influenza-like illness, influenza A, and/or H1N1 or other viruses [ Time Frame: 5 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Characterize demographics, co-morbid conditions, prior influenza vaccination, the use of antivirals, and clinical course and treatment
  
  

• Death [ Time Frame: 5 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  For all participants, to estimate the percentage who die
  
  
• Hospitalization [ Time Frame: 5 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  For all participants,to estimate the percentages who require hospitalization due to severe influenza
  
  
• Risk factors [ Time Frame: 5 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  For all participants, to determine risk factors for severe disease
  
  
• Repository of oropharyngeal and nasal samples [ Time Frame: 5 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Establish a repository of oropharyngeal and nasal samples to determine a precise diagnosis, to molecularly characterize the virus
  
  
• Repository of serum and PBMC [ Time Frame: 5 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  Establish a repository of serum and PBMC to study biomarkers that predispose and correlate with severe influenza
  
  

In March 2009, a new influenza A virus, novel H1N1 (commonly referred to as "swine flu"), began causing an increase in reports of influenza-like illness in North America. Although the virus subsequently spread rapidly around the world, the earliest reported outbreak of cases occurred in Mexico City, which is seen as the epicenter of the influenza pandemic, the world's first in 40 years.

Many questions remain about this emerging pandemic and the virus causing it, the answers to which could better inform patient management and policy decisions both in Mexico and internationally. Sparse reliable clinical research data have been collected on the natural history of the disease, on the risk factors associated with severe disease, or on the severity of this pandemic influenza as compared to seasonal influenzas. This study is an initial step to better characterize individuals in Mexico who develop influenza-like illness (including illness caused by novel H1N1), to describe the clinical management of those individuals, and to assess their short-term outcome. The planned data collection will provide timely information to inform policy and guidelines for the local populations and governments involved and may also be used to design future ancillary studies of this influenza virus and/or studies of other emerging infectious diseases.

The purpose of this observational study is to characterize individuals in Mexico who seek medical care for influenza-like illness (ILI) and to describe clinical course over a period of at least 28 days after enrollment.