Clonidine to Treat Iatrogenic-induced Opioid Dependence in Infants
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Purpose
Thousands of critically ill infants (and children) are exposed to opioids and benzodiazepines to achieve sedation and analgesia as part of routine care in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. While the use of these agents are undisputedly beneficial in reducing pain and anxiety, improving ventilation, reducing pulmonary vascular resistance and improving outcomes; the consequence is often the development of tolerance and physiologic dependence - similar to prenatal exposure from these same classes of drugs. The investigators have recently reported the results of randomized placebo control trial showing that the addition of clonidine (central alpha 2 agonist) to tapering doses of opioids was efficacious and safe in treating opioid dependence in infants who had moderate to severe neonatal abstinence syndrome from prenatal drug exposure to opioids. Currently, the investigators propose to perform a double-blind, randomized placebo control trial in a cohort of critically ill infants without prenatal drug exposure at Johns Hopkins Hospital to test the overall hypothesis that early addition of clonidine to a cohort of critically ill neonates on mechanical ventilation who are receiving opioids and benzodiazepines for analgesia and sedation will be efficacious and safe in reducing both the incidence and severity of withdrawal symptoms (NICU-NAS); as well as, reducing the time to complete sedative and analgesic drug detoxification. The hypothesis will be tested by addressing 2 specific aims that will determine: 1) the efficacy and safety of clonidine in critically ill infants, and 2) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics using population-based pharmacokinetics in this vulnerable infant population who have only been exposed to these drugs as part of their routine care. Many "standard of care practices" are incorporated in neonatal and pediatric care prior to evidence based studies. This proposal will fill a much needed gap in translating what the investigators have learned about basic mechanisms mediating dependence and withdrawal to proven therapies for vulnerable pediatric populations.
| Condition | Intervention | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome |
Drug: Clonidine HCL Drug: saline |
Phase 2 Phase 3 |
| Study Type: | Interventional |
| Study Design: | Allocation: Randomized Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor) Primary Purpose: Treatment |
| Official Title: | Efficacy of Clonidine in Reducing Iatrogenic-induced Opioid Dependence in Infants: |
- Time to complete detoxification [ Time Frame: 2-4 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]Time to complete detoxification is defined as 48 hrs off all opioids/benzodiazepines and study drug with acceptable withdrawal scores of <9 (on average we expect the infant to be enrolled in the study for 2-4 weeks).
- Cardiovascular side-effects changes HR and BP [ Time Frame: 48 hrs after starting study drug and for 48hrs after stopping study drug ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]Changes in HR and BP for 48 hrs after starting study drug and for 48hrs after stopping study drug
- Cumulative dose of opioid and benzodiazepine [ Time Frame: 2-4 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]We will determine the total amount of opioid and benzodiazepine needed from the start of detoxification to the end of the the detoxification.
| Estimated Enrollment: | 88 |
| Study Start Date: | June 2011 |
| Estimated Study Completion Date: | December 2012 |
| Estimated Primary Completion Date: | December 2012 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
| Arms | Assigned Interventions |
|---|---|
|
Experimental: Treatment
Infants will receive intravenous or oral clonidine(Duraclon) for the treatment of pain and sedation
|
Drug: Clonidine HCL
At day 5 on opioid and/or benzodiazepine (BZD), the infant will be randomized to receive either placebo (normal saline) or clonidine 1μg/kg/q 4 hrs to a maximum dose of 2μg/kg/q 4. Weaning from the study drug: When the opioid is no longer required, 24 hrs later the study drug (placebo or study drug) will be reduced by 50% and then discontinued 24 hours later provided that the Modified Finnegan scores remain between < 9.
Other Name: Duraclon
|
|
Placebo Comparator: Control
Infants will receive place (saline) (if receiving it IV) or orally (sterile water) if receiving it orally
|
Drug: saline
Infants randomized to placebo will be administered IV saline or oral sterile water in the same volume as study drug. The placebo will be give every 4 hrs as outlined in the algorithm for the study.
Other Name: placebo, sterile water, saline
|
Detailed Description:
The study will test the following 2 specific aims:
Specific Aim 1
To determine the efficacy and short-term safety of clonidine in reducing the severity of iatrogenic neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) by decreasing the time required for complete sedative and analgesic drug detoxification. The investigators will enroll 88 neonates at risk for having moderate to severe NAS in a randomized, double-blinded placebo controlled trial comparing opioid/benzodiazepine administration combined with a placebo (control) vs. opioid/benzodiazepine combined with clonidine. Principal outcome measure will be the difference in length of treatment for complete detoxification. Early safety of clonidine will be determined by monitoring for cardiorespiratory side effects that might be associated with clonidine use in this high risk population.
Specific Aim 2
To determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clonidine in this critically ill infant population. The investigators will estimate the dose-exposure-response relationship of clonidine in neonates at risk for developing iatrogenic by using nonlinear mixed-effects population pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis.
Eligibility| Ages Eligible for Study: | up to 90 Days |
| Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- >35 week GA at birth
- <3 months (90 days) old chronological age at the time of enrollment
- Exposed to a minimum five days of continuous narcotic infusion
Exclusion Criteria:
- Neurologic abnormality which would make NAS scoring inaccurate
- Major chromosomal abnormality (with the exception of Trisomy 21)
- Infant already enrolled in another randomized, controlled clinical trial
Contacts and Locations| Contact: Estelle Gauda, MD | 410-614-7232 | egauda@jhmi.edu |
| United States, Maryland | |
| Johns Hopkins Hospital | Recruiting |
| Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21287 | |
| Principal Investigator: Estelle B Gauda, MD | |
| Principal Investigator: | Estelle B Gauda, MD | Johns Hopkins University |
More Information
Publications:
| Responsible Party: | Estelle B. Gauda, M.D., Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT01360450 History of Changes |
| Other Study ID Numbers: | Clonidine NICU-NAS, R21DA029295-01 |
| Study First Received: | October 13, 2010 |
| Last Updated: | May 24, 2011 |
| Health Authority: | United States: Food and Drug Administration |
Keywords provided by Gauda, Estelle B., M.D.:
|
opioid withdrawal NPASS duraclon |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
|
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Infant, Newborn, Diseases Substance-Related Disorders Mental Disorders Clonidine Analgesics, Opioid Antihypertensive Agents Cardiovascular Agents Therapeutic Uses Pharmacologic Actions Sympatholytics Autonomic Agents |
Peripheral Nervous System Agents Physiological Effects of Drugs Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic Agents Neurotransmitter Agents Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Analgesics Sensory System Agents Central Nervous System Agents Central Nervous System Depressants |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on May 21, 2013