The Vitality, Independence, and Vigor in Elders Study I Clinical Trial (VIVE I)

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 65+
• Living at a senior housing facility
• SPPB score of 3-9
• BMI <35
• 6CIT < or = 14
• Permission of primary care provider
• Willingness to be randomized to either treatment group

Exclusion Criteria:

• Failure to provide informed consent
• Participate in >125 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity
• Moderate to severe cognitive impairment (6CIT >15)
• Inability to communicate due to severe, uncorrectable hearing loss or speech disorder
• Severe visual impairment (if it precludes completion of assessments and/or intervention)
• Wheelchair bound
• Late-stage, progressive, degenerative neurologic disease, e.g., Parkinson's Disease, multiple sclerosis, ALS
• Severe rheumatologic or orthopedic diseases, e.g., awaiting joint replacement, active inflammatory disease
• Terminal illness with life expectancy less than 12 months, as determined by a physician
• Severe pulmonary disease, requiring either steroid pills or injections or the use of supplemental oxygen
• Severe cardiac disease, including NYHA Class III or IV congestive heart failure, clinically significant aortic stenosis, history of cardiac arrest, use of a cardiac defibrillator, or uncontrolled angina
• Other significant co-morbid disease that would impair ability to participate in the exercise-based intervention, e.g. renal failure on hemodialysis, severe psychiatric disorder (e.g. bipolar, schizophrenia), excessive alcohol use (>14 drinks per wk); persons with depression will not be excluded
• Surgery in the previous 6 months
• Patient who cannot be expected to comply with treatment
• Inability to obtain signed authorization from participant's primary care health care provider.