Web-delivery of Evidence-based, Psychosocial Treatment for Substance Use Disorders (CTN-0044)

• Reduced Substance Use and Improved Treatment Retention [ Time Frame: 12-week Treatment Phase ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

  Compared to patients assigned to Treatment as Usual (TAU), patients assigned to modified TAU plus the Therapeutic Education System (Modified TAU + TES) will have:

  1. reduced substance use (measured by a combination of self-report confirmed by urine toxicology) and
  2. better retention in treatment at their community-based treatment programs.
  
  

• Effectiveness [ Time Frame: 12-week treatment phase, 3- and 6-months post treatment ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  To evaluate the relative effectiveness of TAU vs. modified TAU + TES on several secondary outcome measures, including measures of HIV risk behavior, psychosocial functioning (in areas of criminal activity, health status improvement, psychological status, family/social relationships, and employment, and treatment acceptability (based on participant feedback).
  
  
• Sustained outcome [ Time Frame: 3- and 6-months post treatment ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  To evaluate if improved substance use and retention outcomes are maintained 3- and 6-months post-intervention.
  
  
• Economic Analysis [ Time Frame: 12-week treatment phase, 3- and 6-months post treatment ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  To perform a comprehensive economic analysis of including TES in TAU to inform decisions regarding adoption of this new therapeutic tool (assessing incremental costs per increased abstinence time and quality adjusted life year). The economic analyses are clinically important, as even if the computerized intervention is shown to be effective, it may not be adopted in community-based treatment programs unless it is shown to be cost-effective due to the considerable financial constraints in such treatment settings.
  
  
• Coping Skills [ Time Frame: 12-week treatment phase, 3- and 6-months post treatment ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  To examine coping skills acquisition as a treatment process factor that may underlie changes observed during treatment.
  
  

The principal objective of the planned trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of including an interactive, web-based version of the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA), called the Therapeutic Education System (TES), as part of community-based, outpatient substance abuse treatment. CRA is a cognitive-behavioral intervention which seeks to give patients skills to achieve and maintain abstinence and improve social functioning and is often paired with contingency management, where patients earn rewards contingent upon drug negative urines. CRA is an intensive treatment, generally delivered in individual sessions 2 to 3 times per week. Thus, it is expensive and time-consuming to deliver, to train clinical staff, and to provide supervision to maintain clinical staff skill. However, because CRA is oriented toward knowledge and skills, it lends itself to being delivered by computer, using computer-interactive learning technologies.

Individuals accepted into community-based outpatient treatment for substance use disorders (excluding those receiving opioid pharmacotherapy for opioid dependence) will be eligible to participate. This is a multi-site, controlled trial, using NIDA's Clinical Trials Network platform, at approximately 10 Community Treatment Programs, in which participants (N = approximately 500) will be randomized to receive 12 weeks of either: (1) Treatment-as-Usual (TAU), reflecting standard treatment at the collaborating treatment programs in which participants are enrolled, or (2) a modification of TAU which includes access to the TES. It is hypothesized that access to TES will improve substance use outcome and retention in outpatient treatment.

Computer interactive interventions like TES have the potential to deliver science-based psychosocial treatments with high fidelity and cost-effectiveness while conserving clinician time to focus on monitoring and addressing patients' needs. If found to be effective, TES could substantially advance the substance abuse treatment system by improving quality of care delivered, increasing availability of treatment slots by extending and leveraging the efforts of clinical staff, and projecting treatment to rural and other underserved areas.