Baby-Friendly Community Health Services Evaluation

• Breastfeeding prevalence [ Time Frame: infants age: six months and twelve months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• Mothers` perceived quality of lactation counselling [ Time Frame: Infant age, six and twelve months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

In 2007 the Norwegian Government launched "The Norwegian Action Plan on Nutrition" (2007-2011) which emphasizes breast milk as optimal nutrition as well as being one of the most effective ways to promote health and prevent disease. It is well known that breast milk reduces the prevalence and severity of infectious diseases like diarrhoea, lower respiratory tract infections, ear infections, urinary tract infections as well as bacterial meningitis and necrotic enterocolitis. Current research suggests that breast milk can have long term health effects such as reduced risk of overweight, leukemia and diabetes type I and type II. Breastfeeding is associated with better cognitive development. Women who breastfeed also have significant added health benefits such as a reduced risk of breast cancer.

Almost all women produce breast milk, but the act of breastfeeding is a complicated interaction between mother and child and is affected by a number of factors. A large number of mothers have breastfeeding difficulties, and a significant number stop before they had intended to. If women were given qualified help it is possible that many of these problems could have been prevented or treated. In the Norwegian subsidiary study to The WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study, where mothers received qualified breastfeeding instruction, 86% of children were exclusively breastfed at the 4 month stage as compared with the norm of 44%.

Today mothers are discharged earlier from hospital than ever before. Many of these women have not managed to properly establish breastfeeding. Due to this, many problems which were previously discovered in the maternity ward are now relegated to the primary health care services.

The disparity in breastfeeding between different socioeconomic groups in Norway primarily follows the same pattern as that found in health generally.For example, the chance that a mother with higher education will be breastfeeding her child at the age of 6 months is twice as high compared to a mother with only primary school education. Improving health service access to the entire population would contribute to advancing the health and health promoting behaviour in those groups with the poorest prospects.

The National Resource Centre for Breastfeeding (NRCB) is cooperating with Norwegian Public Health Nurses Association and the Norwegian Directorate of Health in the initiative Baby-Friendly Community Health Services (BFCHS). The purpose of this initiative is to improve the quality of breastfeeding advice at Norwegian community health services.

While WHO has developed an international standard for breastfeeding counselling for maternity wards, there is no similar standard for primary care services as yet.

A newly updated Cochrane-overview about the effect of offering support to breastfeeding mothers identified 16 studies which assessed the effect of support from health workers. The studies showed a small effect on all breastfeeding at the four month stage, but could not show any difference at other stages. An American survey identified 38 randomised controlled studies on the effect of initiatives in primary care services to promote breastfeeding, all from industrialized countries.This review indicates that initiatives to increase the competency of health workers can have a positive effect on the prevalence of breastfeeding.