Comparing the Effectiveness of New Versus Older Treatments for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (The NOTA Study)

• Dichotomized Clinical Global Impression-Effectiveness (CGI-E) scale [ Time Frame: Measured at each participant's last visit, which can occur at or before Week 6 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scale [ Time Frame: Measured at each participant's last visit, which can occur at or before Week 6 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Clinical Global Improvements-Acceptability (CGI-A) scale [ Time Frame: Measured at each participant's last visit, which can occur at or before Week 6 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and inattention. It is seen primarily in children and adolescents and is often treated with psychostimulant medications. Osmotic-release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate, brand name Concerta, and mixed amphetamine salts extended release, brand name Adderall XR, are psychostimulant medications that have shown both efficacy (that they can have therapeutic benefits) and effectiveness (that they typically have therapeutic benefits in practice). Two newer psychostimulant medications—lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, brand name Vyvanse, and methylphenidate transdermal system, brand name Daytrana—have shown efficacy but have not been tested for effectiveness, nor have they been tested head-to-head against the older psychostimulants. This study will test the effectiveness, tolerability (lack of side effects), and acceptability (ease of use for patients) of the two newer psychostimulant medications and compare them to each other and to the two older psychostimulants.

Participation in this study will last 6 weeks, although some treatments may continue past the end of the study. At enrollment, participants will undergo a series of baseline evaluations. These will include interviews and assessments of ADHD symptoms, concurrent psychiatric disorders, medical and psychiatric history, family history of mental illness, risk and protective factors, other treatments, treatment expectancy of both the youth and parent, and vital signs. In consultation with their doctors, participants will be allowed to exclude zero, one, or two of the study medications; if they choose to exclude both of the new ADHD medications, they will not able to participate in the study. Participants will then be randomly assigned to one of the treatments they choose to include. They will receive a prescription for the medication and instructions for how to use it from their doctors; the study protocol does not specify a particular treatment regimen. Participants will undergo a second set of evaluations after 6 weeks of treatment or before, if the treatment ends earlier. This will include interviews and assessments similar to those administered at baseline as well as evaluation of any medication side effects.