Aldosterone and Glucose Homeostasis

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Ambulatory subjects, 18 to 70 years of age, inclusive

2. For female subjects, the following conditions must be met:

   1. postmenopausal status for at least 1 year, or
   2. status-post surgical sterilization, or

   3. if of childbearing potential, utilization of adequate birth control and willingness to undergo urine beta-hcg testing prior to drug treatment and on every study day

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      Exclusion Criteria:

      1. BMI greater than 31 kg/m2
      2. Diabetes type 1 or type 2, a fasting glucose of greater than 110 mg/dL or the use of anti-diabetic medication
      3. Serum triglycerides greater than 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)
      4. Total cholesterol greater than 200 mg/dL (5.18 mmol/L)
      5. Use of hormone replacement therapy
      6. Statin therapy
      7. A seated or supine systolic blood pressure greater than 130/85 on three separate measurements at least 15 minutes apart
      8. Pregnancy
      9. Breast-feeding
      10. Cardiovascular disease such as myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to enrollment, presence of angina pectoris, significant arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia), congestive heart failure (LV hypertrophy acceptable), deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, second or third degree heart block, mitral valve stenosis, aortic stenosis or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      11. Treatment with anticoagulants
      12. History of serious neurologic disease such as cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, or transient ischemic attack
      13. History or presence of immunological or hematological disorders
      14. Diagnosis of asthma requiring use of inhaled beta agonist > 1 time per week
      15. Clinically significant gastrointestinal impairment that could interfere with drug absorption
      16. Impaired hepatic function [aspartate amino transaminase (AST) and/or alanine amino transaminase (ALT) >1.5 x upper limit of normal range]
      17. Impaired renal function [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60ml/min]
      18. Hematocrit <35%
      19. Any underlying or acute disease requiring regular medication which could possibly pose a threat to the subject or make implementation of the protocol or interpretation of the study results difficult, such as arthritis treated with non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs
      20. Treatment with chronic systemic glucocorticoid therapy (more than 7 consecutive days in 1 month)
      21. Treatment with lithium salts
      22. History of alcohol or drug abuse
      23. Treatment with any investigational drug in the 1 month preceding the study
      24. Mental conditions rendering the subject unable to understand the nature, scope and possible consequences of the study
      25. Inability to comply with the protocol, e.g. uncooperative attitude, inability to return for follow-up visits, and unlikelihood of completing the study
      26. Potassium less than 3.5mmol/L or use of chronic potassium supplements.