Topical microbicides, substances that kill microbes, are being studied to prevent sexual transmission of HIV and other disease-causing agents. In the future, topical microbicides may be applied vaginally to prevent both acquisition and transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The purpose of this study is to assess whether there is a measurable response to daily applications of a topical microbicide, 1% tenofovir gel, in women at low risk for HIV infection.

A new approach to HIV prevention currently being studied is the use of topical microbicides. This study will measure the mucosal response to daily intravaginal applications of 1% tenofovir gel versus placebo in two groups of women at low risk for HIV infection.

The duration of this study for each participant is 21 days. Study participants will be randomly assigned to one of two study groups. Group 1 participants will apply 1% tenofovir gel daily for 14 consecutive days between menses. Group 2 participants will apply placebo gel for 14 consecutive days between menses.

Study visits will occur on Days 3, 7, 14, and 21. Study entry will occur 2 to 6 days following the menses and within 30 days of screening. Medical and sexual history, a pelvic exam, cervicovaginal lavage sample collection, blood collection, vaginal pH testing, STI testing, and adverse effect reporting will occur at all visits. All participants will be asked to complete a diary throughout the study; this diary will be reviewed at all study visits. A Pap smear will be obtained at screening if documentation of a negative Pap smear result within the last year is not available.

• Drug: Tenofovir gel
• Drug: Tenofovir gel placebo

• Experimental: Application of 1% tenofovir gel for 14 consecutive days between menses
• Placebo Comparator: Application of 1% tenofovir placebo gel for 14 consecutive days between menses

• Bateman C. Tenofovir gel--the new HIV prevention 'banker'? S Afr Med J. 2007 Jul;97(7):496, 498. Review. No abstract available.
• Mayer KH, Maslankowski LA, Gai F, El-Sadr WM, Justman J, Kwiecien A, Masse B, Eshleman SH, Hendrix C, Morrow K, Rooney JF, Soto-Torres L; HPTN 050 Protocol Team. Safety and tolerability of tenofovir vaginal gel in abstinent and sexually active HIV-infected and uninfected women. AIDS. 2006 Feb 28;20(4):543-51.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Normal menstrual history with regular cycles and with a minimum of 21 days between menses
• Sexually abstinent or in a stable, mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who is HIV uninfected
• Agree to abstain from sexual intercourse and to not use vaginal products within 48 hours of study entry and for the duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• HIV infected
• Sexually transmitted infection within 6 months of study entry
• Use of nontherapeutic intravenous drugs within 12 months of study entry
• Menopausal
• Currently using hormonal contraception or have used hormonal contraception within 2 months of study entry
• Menstruating at screening or enrollment visits
• Positive urine culture
• Positive chlamydia, gonorrhea, or trichomonas result at screening
• Abnormal Pap smear
• Clinically detectable genital abnormality. More information on this criterion can be found in the protocol.
• History of toxic shock syndrome or a history of symptoms suggesting toxic shock syndrome
• History of intermenstrual bleeding within 3 months of study entry
• Previous gynecologic surgery or have received treatment for syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomonas, or genital warts within 6 months of study entry
• Received treatment for Candida, bacterial vaginosis, or urinary tract infection within 1 month of study entry
• Have douched or used vaginal products, including lubricants, feminine hygiene products, vaginal drying agents, and sex toys within 48 hours of study entry
• Acute or chronic hepatitis B virus infection
• Liver or kidney abnormalities
• Oral antibiotics within 7 days of study entry
• Pregnant, less than 6 months postpartum, or breastfeeding