Paleolithic Diet and Exercise Study

• validation of algorithm to predict diet net acid load [ Time Frame: 1year ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  measuring 24-hour net acid and comparing this to the estimated diet acid load using one of several algorithms
  
  

• effects of a "Paleolithic" diet on exercise capacity, vascular reactivity, lactate production during exercise, glucose and lipid profiles and [ Time Frame: 1 year ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  measuring VO2max, CO, BAR,
  
  

Behavioral: metabolic (nutrient controlled) diet
metabolic (nutrient controlled) diet

Because genetic evolutionary changes occur slowly in Homo sapiens, and because the traditional diet of Homo sapiens underwent dramatic changes within recent times, modern humans are better physiologically adapted to a diet similar to the one their hominid ancestors evolved on than to the diet typical of modern industrialized societies. The investigators developed a computational model to estimate the net acid load of diets from the nutrient composition of the diet's component ingredients, and suggest that the majority of these hominid diets yield a negative net acid load (that is, yield a net base load), in addition to being low in sodium chloride, high in potassium-containing fruits and vegetables, and low in saturated fats, with the majority of the non-animal-source calories coming from fruits and vegetables, not from acid-producing grains, separated fats and oils, starches and refined sugars. According to paleonutritionists, Homo sapiens' recent switch from their ancestral Paleolithic-type diet to the modern Western diet has contributed in a major way to so-called age-related diseases of civilization. The investigators hypothesize and will test whether:

1. consuming a high-potassium, low-sodium, net base-producing "Paleolithic-type" diet, even in the short term, has detectable beneficial effects on cardiovascular physiology, serum lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, and exercise performance; and
2. their computational model predicts the measured negative net acid loads of a net base-producing "Paleolithic-type" diet, using steady-state values of renal net acid excretion as the measure of the diet net acid load (a.k.a., net endogenous acid production), which will be of value in constructing net-base producing diets for modern consumption.

The long term complications of the combination of high blood pressure, high blood sugar and high fat and cholesterol levels, sometimes called the "metabolic syndrome", has been termed the number one medical problem in modern society today. If eating a "Paleolithic" diet helps improve these diseases, this would be the first step in both improving people's health as they get older as well as contributing to future national dietary guidelines for Americans.