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ARVs to Prevent Breastmilk HIV:Viral and Immune Responses

This study has been completed.
Sponsor:
Collaborator:
Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
University of Washington
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT00167674
First received: September 9, 2005
Last updated: June 14, 2012
Last verified: June 2012
History of Changes
  Purpose

Identifying new approaches for preventing breastmilk transmission of HIV-1 is an important research priority. To this end, clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of HAART (zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine) during late pregnancy/lactation versus zidovudine/nevirapine peripartum for prevention of breastmilk HIV-1 transmission. It is important to understand the mechanism of effect of these antiretroviral (ARV) strategies on prevention of breastmilk HIV-1 transmission.

This phase II trial will compare HAART vs peripartum zidovudine/nevirapine for effect on breastmilk HIV-1, breastmilk HIV-1 specific immune responses, and infant HIV-1 specific immune responses.

100 pregnant HIV-1 seropositive women in Nairobi with CD4 counts between 200 to 500 who have chosen to breastfeed will receive either ARV regimen. Mother-infant pairs will be followed for 1 year after delivery. Home visits will be conducted in the first month (~10 visits) to collect 2-5 mls of breastmilk per visit. Mother-infant pairs will be seen in the study clinic with maternal blood and breastmilk and infant blood collected at months 1, 3, and 6 for HIV-1 and HIV-1 Elispot assays. Breastmilk HIV-1 RNA and DNA levels will be quantified in Dr. Overbaugh's laboratory in Seattle and Elispot assays conducted in Nairobi with validation of a subset in Dr. Rowland-Jones laboratory in Oxford. Viral loads, decay curves, half-life, and re-population following ARV cessation will be estimated for each regimen and regimens compared. These studies will provide insight into the viral and immune responses to ARV regimens proposed for prevention of breastfeeding HIV-1 transmission and will be important for rational design of future interventions. After taking into account, estimated loss to follow-up, the targeted sample size with outcome data was 80 women, 40 in each trial arm, estimating undetectable breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels in the HAART arm and median breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels of 3.0 log10 in women receiving ZDV/NVP.


Condition Intervention Phase
HIV Infections
 Drug: Combined short-course zidovudine/nevirapine
Drug: HAART
 Phase 2

Study Type: Interventional
Study Design: Allocation: Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: ARVs to Prevent Breastmilk HIV:Viral and Immune Responses

Resource links provided by NLM:

U.S. FDA Resources

Further study details as provided by University of Washington:

Primary Outcome Measures:
  • Outcome 1: Serial HIV-1 RNA and DNA levels in breastmilk. [ Time Frame: 1 month to 6 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  • Outcome 2: Infant HIV-1 specific cellular responses during the first 6 months in uninfected and infected infants. [ Time Frame: 6 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

Secondary Outcome Measures:
  • Breastmilk HIV-1 specific CTLs [ Time Frame: 1 to 6 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

Enrollment: 58
Study Start Date: May 2003
Study Completion Date: April 2006
Primary Completion Date: March 2005 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
Arms Assigned Interventions
Active Comparator: B
Combined short-course Zidovudine/Nevirapine
 Drug: Combined short-course zidovudine/nevirapine
300 mg of ZDV was given twice daily from 34 weeks gestation until labor then every 3 hours until delivery; 200 mg of NVP was given as a single oral dose at the onset of labor; and a single 2 mg/kg (6 mg if birthweight > 2.5 kg) oral dose of NVP suspension was administered to the infant within 72 hours of delivery.
Experimental: A
HAART during pregnancy and 6 months postpartum
 Drug: HAART
300 mg of zidovudine (ZDV), 150 mg of lamivudine, and 200 mg nevirapine (NVP) was given twice daily from 34 weeks gestation until six months after delivery.

Detailed Description:

This will be a randomized study comparing breastfeeding women receiving zidovudine/nevirapine (from 36 weeks to delivery/first day postpartum) to women receiving HAART (zidovudine, nevirapine, lamivudine) initiated at 36 weeks and continuing throughout lactation (recommended for 6 months, breastfeeding cessation prior to HAART cessation).

This a prospective cohort study that will follow HIV-1 seropositive women and their infants to be conducted in Nairobi. Women with CD4 counts between 200 and 500 will be randomized to one of the two regimens and compared.

The study procedures are outlined below:

  1. Voluntary HIV-1 counseling and testing in a Nairobi City council antenatal clinic: collection of blood using venipuncture following written informed consent.
  2. Enrollment of HIV-1 infected women into new cohort before 32 wks gestation after written informed consent
  3. Routine antenatal care including STD screening and multivitamins/iron
  4. Collection of maternal blood and genital specimens at 32 weeks for STD diagnosis, HIV-1 RNA levels, CD4 counts, liver function tests, and complete blood counts.

  5. Assignment to treatment depending on CD4 count at 34 weeks:

    1. CD4>500 zidovudine/nevirapine short-course treatment
    2. CD4 200-500 randomization to zidovudine/nevirapine short-course or 3-drugs (nevirapine, zidovudine, and 3TC) during pregnancy and breastfeeding, with recommendation to stop breastfeeding at 6 months and the drugs to stop after cessation of breastfeeding
    3. CD4<200 3-drug regimen (nevirapine, zidovudine, and 3TC) through pregnancy and breastfeeding continued after cessation of breastfeeding with referral to sites in Nairobi providing long-term treatment
  6. At delivery collection of maternal breastmilk (2-5 mls), cord blood (15 mls), maternal blood (15 mls), and infant blood (3 mls) for HIV-1 RNA, CD4 counts, HIV-1 specific CTL assays, complete blood counts, and liver function tests.
  7. Collection of maternal breastmilk (2-5 mls) from home visits 3 times per week in the first 2 weeks, then 2 times per week for the next two weeks. Filter paper blood specimens will be collected weekly at the home visits.
  8. Women receiving the 3-drug regimen who have expressible breastmilk after cessation of breastfeeding and cessation of drugs will also have home collection (3-5 mls) of specimens 3-times weekly for 2 weeks after cessation of breastfeeding.
  9. Clinic visits at week 2, month 1, 3, and 6 with breastmilk and blood collection. Higher volumes of breastmilk (~25 -50 mls) will be collected at the clinic visits (w2, m1, 3, and 6) for HIV-1 RNA, DNA and HIV-1 specific immune assays. Collection of maternal blood at week 2, month 1, 3, and 6 for HIV-1 RNA levels, CD4 counts, HIV-1 CTL levels, liver function tests, and complete blood counts.
  10. Collection of infant blood at m1, 3, and 6 for HIV-1 and HIV-1 specific immune responses. Heel prick filter paper assays at months 9 and 12 for HIV-1 DNA PCR assays.
  Eligibility

Ages Eligible for Study:   18 Years and older
Genders Eligible for Study:   Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   No
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • The subject population is recruited from Mathare North Clinic in Nairobi, Kenya where voluntary HIV-1 counseling and testing is offered to pregnant women
  • Pregnant women who test positive for HIV-1 antibody are eligible for the study if they are over 18 years of age
  • At less than 32 weeks' gestation
  • Have never previously been exposed to antiretroviral medications
  • Agree to serial maternal blood
  • Breast milk
  • Infant blood draws
  • Plan to live in Nairobi for at least a year after delivery.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • CD4 >500 or <200
  • Not planning to live in Nairobi after delivery
  • Not planning to breastfeed.
  Contacts and Locations
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00167674

Locations
Kenya
University of Nairobi
Nairobi, Kenya
Sponsors and Collaborators
University of Washington
Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation
Investigators
Principal Investigator: Grace C. John-Stewart, MD, PhD University of Washington
Study Director: Carey Farquhar, MD, MPH University of Washington
Study Director: Dorothy Mbori-Ngacha, MBChB,MPH University of Nairobi
Study Director: Ruth Nduati, MBChB,MPH University of Nairobi
Study Director: James Kiarie, MBChB, MPH University of Nairobi
Study Director: Michael Chung, MD, MPH University of Washington
Study Director: Julie Overbaugh, PhD Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Study Director: John Kinuthia, MBChB, MMed University of Nairobi
Study Director: Barbra Richardson, PhD University of Washington
  More Information

Publications:

Responsible Party: University of Washington
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00167674     History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers: 02-5529-A03, Elizabeth Glaser
Study First Received: September 9, 2005
Last Updated: June 14, 2012
Health Authority: United States: Institutional Review Board

Keywords provided by University of Washington:
breastmilk
HIV-1
antiretroviral
mother-to-child
transmission

Additional relevant MeSH terms:
HIV Infections
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Lentivirus Infections
Retroviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Virus Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Immune System Diseases
Slow Virus Diseases
Zidovudine
 Nevirapine
Antimetabolites
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Pharmacologic Actions
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Antiviral Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Therapeutic Uses
Anti-HIV Agents

ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on June 17, 2013