Managing Alcoholism in People Who Do Not Respond to Naltrexone (EXTEND)

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 years of age or older
• Current DSM-IV diagnosis of alcohol dependence using the MINI.
• Meets the following drinking criteria as measured by the Timeline Followback (TLFB): * drank within 30 days of randomization; * reports a minimum of 48 standard alcoholic drinks (avg. 12 drinks/wk.) in a consecutive 30-day period over the 90-day period prior to intake; and * has 2 or more days of heavy drinking (defined as over 5 drinks per day in males and over 4 drinks per day in females) in this same pre-treatment period, prior to intake.
• Prior to starting NTX, scores below 8 on the Clinical Inventory of Withdrawal from Alcohol (CIWA), and at least 3 consecutive days of abstinence (2 days abstinence will be permitted with approval by the principal investigator) directly prior to randomization, as determined by Subject report and breathalyzer measures
• Speaks, understands and prints in English.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Has abused or been dependent on opiates in the past 12 months, or evidence of opiate use in month prior to treatment, as assessed by subject report and intake urine drug screen. Use of prescription opioids prior to treatment entry is allowed at the discretion of the investigator. However, subjects must be free from use at the time of randomization.
• Meets DSM IV criteria for current dependence, abuse, or dependence in partial remission on any substance other than alcohol (except nicotine and marijuana). Subjects who test positive on the urine drug screen (with the exception of THC) at the initial visit (a repeat UDSis permitted in cases that are not clear. The repeat UDS should be at least 5 days after the initial test)
• Has a lifetime DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or any psychotic disorder. Has a current DSM-IV diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTST) or bipolar disorder, or any disorder that may interfere with study participation, at the discretion of the investigator.
• Hepatocellular disease indicated by elevations of SGPT (ALT) and SGOT (AST) of at least 5 times normal, or elevated bilirubin (of 1.3 or higher), as evidenced by the most recent lab results prior to randomization. (documentation of Gilberts syndrome will not constitute an exclusion despite elevated bilirubin).
• Has evidence of significant hematological, pulmonary, endocrine, cardiovascular, renal or gastrointestinal disease that the principal investigator considers a risk to participation.
• Has taken any psychotropic medications (or disulfiram) regularly within the last seven days prior to randomization or needs immediate treatment with a psychotropic medication (with the exception of detoxification medications or benadryl used sparingly for sleep). The required washout period for fluoxetine (Prozac®) is 14 days prior to randomization, and the required washout period for other psychotropic medications is 7 days prior to randomization.
• Has taken any detoxification medication on the day of randomization.
• Tests positive on a pregnancy test, is contemplating pregnancy in the next 12 months, is nursing, or is not using an effective contraceptive method if the subject is of child-bearing potential.