National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) Screening
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Purpose
RATIONALE: Effective screening tests should help doctors detect lung cancer early and plan curative treatment. It is not yet known whether low-dose helical computed tomography (LDCT) screening is more effective than chest radiography (CXR) screening in reducing death from lung cancer.
PURPOSE: Randomized clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of LDCT scan with that of CXR in screening individuals who are at high risk for developing lung cancer.
| Condition | Intervention | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
Lung Cancer |
Device: low-dose helical computed tomography Device: chest radiography |
Phase 3 |
| Study Type: | Interventional |
| Study Design: | Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Open Label Primary Purpose: Screening |
| Official Title: | National Lung Screening Trial A Randomized Trial Comparing Low-dose Helical CT With Chest Xray for Lung Cancer |
- Lung Cancer Deaths [ Time Frame: All events through December 31, 2009; median follow-up 6.5 years. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]Lung cancer deaths confirmed in participants by Endpoint Verification if available, otherwise by death certificate.
- Deaths From All Causes in All Randomized Participants. [ Time Frame: All events through December 31, 2009; median follow-up 6.5 years. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]Deaths from all causes were compared between the low-dose CT group and the chest radiography group among all randomized participants.
- Lung Cancer Diagnoses [ Time Frame: All events through December 31, 2009; median follow-up 6.5 years ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]Lung cancer diagnoses confirmed by medical record abstraction.
- Complications of Diagnostic Evaluation Following a Positive Screening Test. [ Time Frame: One year from screening examination ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]Number of participants who experienced complications during diagnostic work-up of a screening CT or CXR that was suspicious for lung cancer.
- T0 (Baseline) Screening Results [ Time Frame: T0 (at study entry) ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]Results of radiologist's interpretation of images from LDCT or CXR screening exam at T0.
- T1 Screening Results [ Time Frame: T1 (one year after entry) ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]Results of radiologist's interpretation of images from LDCT or CXR screening exam at T1. Includes a comparison with images from T0 screen.
- T2 Screening Results [ Time Frame: T2 (two years after entry) ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]Results of radiologist's interpretation of images from LDCT or CXR screening exam at T2. Includes a comparison with images from T0 and T1 screens.
| Enrollment: | 53454 |
| Study Start Date: | August 2002 |
| Study Completion Date: | October 2010 |
| Primary Completion Date: | October 2010 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
| Arms | Assigned Interventions |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Low-Dose CT |
Device: low-dose helical computed tomography
A LDCT is a computerized tomography image with low-dose technique without contrast. The scan is done from the neck to the diaphragm in one breath-hold.
Other Name: LDCT
|
| Experimental: Chest X-ray |
Device: chest radiography
The chest x-ray in this study was a single posterior-anterior film done with the participant upright.
Other Name: CXR
|
Detailed Description:
OBJECTIVES:
- Compare whether screening with low-dose helical CT scan vs chest x-ray reduces lung cancer-specific mortality in participants who are at high risk for developing lung cancer.
OUTLINE:
NLST participants were randomized to either low-dose helical CT or chest x-ray in equal proportions. A total of 53,454 participants were enrolled (26,722 in low-dose CT and 26,732 in chest radiography) at 33 screening centers across the United States. Screening was offered three times (at baseline and two annual follow-up examinations). The primary endpoint of the study was lung cancer mortality. The study arms were compared with regard to overall mortality, lung cancer incidence, and screening-related complications.
All low-dose scanners and chest x-ray machines were certified for use and met NLST protocol requirements and American College of Radiology guidelines. Low-dose CT acquisitions and chest radiographs were interpreted by trained radiologists. Participants and their health care provider were informed of study examination results. Participants with abnormalities suspicious for lung cancer were contacted for information regarding diagnostic evaluation. Medical records were collected on diagnostic evaluation, medical complications, and initial treatment.
Participants were then contacted at least annually by mail or telephone.
The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) represents the union of two NCI-sponsored efforts, the NCI Lung Screening Study and the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN).
Eligibility| Ages Eligible for Study: | 55 Years to 74 Years |
| Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | Yes |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 55-74 years (pack-years = packs per day * years smoked)
- 30 or more pack-years of cigarette smoking history
- Former smokers: quit smoking within the previous 15 years
- Ability to lie on the back with arms raised over the head
- Signed informed consent form
Exclusion Criteria:
- Metallic implants or devices in the chest or back, such as pacemakers or Harrington fixation rods
- Treatment for, or evidence of, any cancer other than nonmelanoma skin cancer or carcinoma in situ (with the exception of transitional cell carcinoma in situ or bladder carcinoma in situ) in the 5 years prior to eligibility assessment
- History of lung cancer
- History of removal of any portion of the lung, excluding needle biopsy
- Requirement for home oxygen supplementation
- Participation in another cancer screening trial
- Participation in a cancer prevention study, other than a smoking cessation study
- Unexplained weight loss of more than 15 pounds in the 12 months prior to eligibility assessment
- Recent hemoptysis
- Pneumonia or acute respiratory infection treated with antibiotics in the 12 weeks prior to eligibility assessment
- Chest CT examination in the 18 months prior to eligibility assessment
Contacts and Locations
Show 33 Study Locations| Study Director: | Christine D. Berg, MD | NCI - Early Detection Research Group |
| Principal Investigator: | Denise R. Aberle, MD | Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center |
More Information
Additional Information:
Publications:
Additional publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
| Responsible Party: | National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00047385 History of Changes |
| Obsolete Identifiers: | NCT00028808 |
| Other Study ID Numbers: | CDR0000257938, U01CA079778, U01CA080098, N1CN25476A-85-0-1, NIH/NCI |
| Study First Received: | October 3, 2002 |
| Results First Received: | May 30, 2012 |
| Last Updated: | October 16, 2012 |
| Health Authority: | United States: Federal Government |
Keywords provided by National Cancer Institute (NCI):
|
small cell lung cancer non-small cell lung cancer |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
|
Lung Neoplasms Respiratory Tract Neoplasms Thoracic Neoplasms Neoplasms by Site |
Neoplasms Lung Diseases Respiratory Tract Diseases |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on June 17, 2013